Pharmacology Unit 1: Lehne's Pharma:
Chapters 1-11
Pharmacology definition - ANSthe study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
drug - ANSany chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Clinical Pharmacology - ANSstudy of drugs in humans
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSstudy of the use of drugs in treating disease
Three most important properties of an ideal drug - ANS1. Effectiveness
2. Safety
3. Selectivity
other properties of drugs - ANSpredictability, ease of administration, freedom from drug
interactions, los cost, chemical stability, generic name
Therapeutic objective of drugs - ANSto provide maximum benefit with minimum harm
Determining Intensity of a drug - ANSadministration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics,
individual variation
Pharmacokinetics - ANSThe process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body,
metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - ANSThe process by which a medication works on the body.
Five "Rights" to Administering Medication - ANSright patient, right drug, right time, right route,
right dose
Revised "Rights" of Administering Medication - ANSright assessment, right, documentation,
right evaluation, patients right to education, patients right to refuse medicine
The eight aspects of drug therapy - ANSpreadministration assessment, dosage and
administration, promotion of therapeutic effects, minimizing adverse effects, minimizing
interactions, making "as needed" (PNR) decisions, evaluating responses to the medication,
managing toxicity
Pharmacology and Patient Education - ANSthe patient must know the name, dose, route, time
and dosing schedule, expected therapeutic responses and possible side effects, possible
, interactions, non-drug enhancements, method of storage, whom to contact in event of
therapeutic failure
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process - ANSApplying ADPIE to drug therapy to maximize
benefit with minimum harm for an individual patient
assessment (preadministration) of drug therapy - ANScheck baseline date (vitals), set
therapeutic goals, identify high-risk patients
implementation of drug therapy - ANSroutes and administration combined with measures that
enhance therapeutic effects
evaluation of drug therapy - ANSsummary of monitoring, evaluating therapeutic effects,
minimizing adverse effects, minimizing adverse interactions, managing toxicity
The Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938 - ANSthe first legislation to regulate drug safety
The Harris-Kefauver Amendments of 1962 - ANSthe first legislation that demands that all drugs
be of some benefit
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) - ANSidentifies drugs that are
hazardous for handling and provides instructions for use
Three types of drug names - ANSA chemical name, a generic or nonproprietary name, and a
trade or proprietary name
steps for preclinical testing - ANSdrug is tested on cells, tissues, and animals for toxicity,
phamracokinetics and possible useful effects, if they pass they go to "investigational new drug
(IND) status
steps for clinical testing (in humans) - ANSphase1 - healthy volunteers test metabolism,
pharmacokinetics, and biological effects
phase2 - patients test therapeutic utility and dosage range
phase3 - patients test safety and effectiveness
**approval of new drug**
phase4 - postmarketing surveillance
women and children drug testing - ANShistorically unethical, so these populations are grossly
underrepresented in clinical trials
Chapters 1-11
Pharmacology definition - ANSthe study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
drug - ANSany chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Clinical Pharmacology - ANSstudy of drugs in humans
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSstudy of the use of drugs in treating disease
Three most important properties of an ideal drug - ANS1. Effectiveness
2. Safety
3. Selectivity
other properties of drugs - ANSpredictability, ease of administration, freedom from drug
interactions, los cost, chemical stability, generic name
Therapeutic objective of drugs - ANSto provide maximum benefit with minimum harm
Determining Intensity of a drug - ANSadministration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics,
individual variation
Pharmacokinetics - ANSThe process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body,
metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics - ANSThe process by which a medication works on the body.
Five "Rights" to Administering Medication - ANSright patient, right drug, right time, right route,
right dose
Revised "Rights" of Administering Medication - ANSright assessment, right, documentation,
right evaluation, patients right to education, patients right to refuse medicine
The eight aspects of drug therapy - ANSpreadministration assessment, dosage and
administration, promotion of therapeutic effects, minimizing adverse effects, minimizing
interactions, making "as needed" (PNR) decisions, evaluating responses to the medication,
managing toxicity
Pharmacology and Patient Education - ANSthe patient must know the name, dose, route, time
and dosing schedule, expected therapeutic responses and possible side effects, possible
, interactions, non-drug enhancements, method of storage, whom to contact in event of
therapeutic failure
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process - ANSApplying ADPIE to drug therapy to maximize
benefit with minimum harm for an individual patient
assessment (preadministration) of drug therapy - ANScheck baseline date (vitals), set
therapeutic goals, identify high-risk patients
implementation of drug therapy - ANSroutes and administration combined with measures that
enhance therapeutic effects
evaluation of drug therapy - ANSsummary of monitoring, evaluating therapeutic effects,
minimizing adverse effects, minimizing adverse interactions, managing toxicity
The Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938 - ANSthe first legislation to regulate drug safety
The Harris-Kefauver Amendments of 1962 - ANSthe first legislation that demands that all drugs
be of some benefit
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) - ANSidentifies drugs that are
hazardous for handling and provides instructions for use
Three types of drug names - ANSA chemical name, a generic or nonproprietary name, and a
trade or proprietary name
steps for preclinical testing - ANSdrug is tested on cells, tissues, and animals for toxicity,
phamracokinetics and possible useful effects, if they pass they go to "investigational new drug
(IND) status
steps for clinical testing (in humans) - ANSphase1 - healthy volunteers test metabolism,
pharmacokinetics, and biological effects
phase2 - patients test therapeutic utility and dosage range
phase3 - patients test safety and effectiveness
**approval of new drug**
phase4 - postmarketing surveillance
women and children drug testing - ANShistorically unethical, so these populations are grossly
underrepresented in clinical trials
