WSET Level 3 Latest Update 100% Pass

WSET Level 3 Latest Update 100% Pass continentality temperature difference between the coldest and hottest month Diurnal Range difference between the day time and night time temperatures spring frost mitigation heaters placed through vineyard wind machines sprinklers vineyard design - plant on slopes or trained high water hazards once a sufficient canopy has grown, important to limit water to promote grape ripening rather than shoot growth. this would leave less sugar for the grapes. also increases canopy growth - more shade - less ripening. droughts risk photosynthesis stopping, killing the vine rainfall during flowring and fruitset can disrupt. Pinot Noir Characteristics color intensity: light Tannins: low Acidity: high Flavour characteristics: strawberry, raspberry, red cherry Burgundy - entry level - light, high acid, hint of oak. Cote D'Or have intensity and complexity. Range from delicate and floral to tannic and spicy. cool vintage risk of vegetal notes like cabbage and wet leaves. if too hot, jammy and unattractive. Baden, Carneros, Sonoma, Martinborough, Marlborough, Central Otago (NZ), Yarra Valley, Mornington Peninsula, Tasmania (Australia), Walker Bay (South Africa), Casablanca Valley (Chile). Pinot Noir can be amove 30F ferment to extract more flavor, color and tannin. Cabernet Sauvignon Characteristics Colour intensity: deep Tannins: high Acidity: high Flavour characteristics: blackcurrant, black cherry, green bell pepper thick skinned, late ripening. can be astringent and herbaceous if not ripened fully Haut Medoc: Grippy tannins in youth, cedar and black currant leaf. (Merlot gives it smoother texture. Italy, Spain, South of France - blended with indigineous grape varieties Napa, Margaret River, Hawke's Bay, Stellenbosch, Colchagua Valley - warm, long bright sunlight ripens fruit Merlot Characteristics Colour intensity: medium -deep Tannins: medium Acidity: medium Flavour characteristics: strawberry, red plum, red cherry ripens earlier than Cabernet Two styles: New World: harvest as late as possible, intense purple color, concentrated blackberry and plum, soft velvet texture , new oak maturation Bordeaux: harvest earlier, med body and alcohol, higher acid, fresh red fruit, vegetal, leafy Syrah/Shiraz Characteristics Colour intensity :deep Tannins: medium - high Acidity: medium Flavour characteristics: blackberry, black cherry. black pepper Syrah can range from medium body with pepper and fresh black fruit to smooth, fully body, ripe black fruit and liquorice. Northern Rhone - coolest location. Cotie Rotie and Hermitage (south facing) - fuller body, berry, pepper, notes of meat and leather after aging. Also known in Languedoc and ROussilon where its blended. Hot regions: Hunter and Barossa valley produce soft earthy, spicy styles with concentrate black fruit. Cooler regions like Geelong and Heathcote produce leaner, more peppery styles. Chile, south Africa, hawke's bay and Washington also known. Grenache characteristics Colour intensity: light-medium Tannins: medium (soft) Acidity: Low Flavour characteristics: red fruit late ripening, needs hot climate. high tolerance for drought. Priorat: blended with Carignan for color and tannin, fresh black fruit. In Rioja: Planted in rioja Baja and blended with temperanillo. contributes perfrume, body and alcohol. Also grown in Catalayud, Carinena and Navarra. Also used for rose. Southern Rhone: most widely planted. Chateaneuf du Pape - blended with Syrah and Mourvedre. rich texture and concentrated spicy fruit. Barossa Valley & McClaren Vale: old bush vines give high concentration, intense red berry and pepper. Reisling Characteristics Variety has cool climate success: bud & ripen late maintains acid as sugar rises range of styles bottle aging Flavors: citrus, stone fruit, petrol, honey, botrytis Aromatic White Gewurztraminer Characteristics Unique Variety pink skin gold color wine high alcohol residual sugar? oily, full