GVPT 200 Final Exam (2023/2024) Already Passed

GVPT 200 Final Exam (2023/2024) Already Passed Democratic Peace theory which posits that democracies are hesitant to engage in armed conflict with other identified democracies Dyadic the idea that democracies are less likely to fight each other, they are peaceful with each other Monadic the idea that democracies are less likely to fight any state; they are more pacific generally Absolute (dyadic) argue that democracies have never fought (one another) Probabilistic/Relative (dyadic) most simply argue that democracies are less likely to fight (one another) Immanuel Kant-Perpetual Peace (1795) believed "republican" states would experience a zone of "perpetual peace" Woodrow Wilson (1917 message to Congress) "a steadfast concert of peace can never be maintained except by a partnership of democratic nations" Normative/Cultural -democracies rely upon non-violent conflict resolution (rule of law, compromise, negotiation) to resolve disagreements within their societies -when democracy is involved in an international dispute (with another democracy), it is able to apply these same norms of compromise, negotiation, legality, etc. to resolve the dispute Structural/Institutional -democratic leaders must obtain the approval of a variety of governmental and societal actors in order to wage war -because the process is long and can be blocked, some potential wars are averted Complementary Explanations to Democratic Peace -economic ties/trade -international organization membership Alternative Theoretical Explanations -statistical anomaly -alliance ties -wealth -"golden arches" Democratization and War -countries transitioning to democracy ("democratizing") are more violent (dramatic transitions) -domestic pressures create incentives for elites to make nationalist appeals Gross Domestic Product (GDP) the total of all goods and services produced by a country over some period of time (usually a year) Gross National Product (GNP) same as GDP but adds value of goods and services produced by your citizens living abroad, minus value of goods and services produced by foreigners living in your country Per Capita divide statistics such as GDP or GNP by population ("average" wealth) Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) an index of how much a "basket" of standard goods costs in each country HDI combines: life expectancy, education index (adult literacy and school enrollment at grade school thru high school levels), and GDP per capita (PPP) Globalization the widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of contemporary social life Economic Globalization entails -increased volume of international trade -regional economic integration -ability of investors to transfer money across borders -ability of actors to obtain money from abroad -the globalization of production (MNCs) What Makes Economic Globalization Possible -reduction of trade barriers -removal of capital controls -technological advances -the development of international economic institutions (WTO, IMF, World Bank) Bretton Woods System -post WW2 arrangement for managing the world economy -created