Marine Biology – 6 Questions and Answers 100% Correct

Marine Biology – 6 Questions and Answers 100% Correct The most abundant microbes in the marine environment are: viruses Viruses are not considered "living" by some biologists because they: have no metabolism. A phage: is specific for bacteria Virus size is: 10 to 400 nm. Outside a host cell a virus is called a(n): virion. The protein coat covering the nucleic acid core of the virus is called the: nucleocapsid. You are a virologist studying a particularly pathogenic virus that infects sea turtles. In the course of your research, you discover that the virus is destroyed by a protein-digesting enzyme. The structure most vulnerable to this enzyme must be the viral: capsid. A virus's nucleocapsid is sometimes covered with a(n): envelope. A virus with a capsid with twenty triangular faces is called: icosahedral. A viral lytic cycle is characterized by: rapid infection, replication of nucleic acids and proteins, assembly of virions, and release by rupture. A viral lysogenic cycle is characterized by: a viral nucleic acid being inserted into the host genome and possibly residing through multiple cell divisions prior to lytic. The abundance and diversity of marine viruses are considered: high abundance and high diversity. Some viruses can change geochemical cycles leading to: reduction in surface oxygen. Bacteria belong to the domain: Eubacteria. Bacteria reproduce by: binary fission. The process of producing high-energy foods from inorganic compounds using sunlight energy is called: photosynthesis. Chemosynthetic bacteria are unique: because they use energy derived from chemicals. Facultative anaerobic bacteria: respire in low oxygen. Anaerobic organisms live in ____areas. oxygen-free The process where DNA is duplicated and then the cell divides into two cells is called: mitosis A rod-shaped bacteria is called: bacillus. A spherical shaped bacteria is called: coccus. Which primary producer listed below is considered the most abundant life form in the sea? Prochlorococcus. The pigment ____ is commonly found in bacteria but not land plants. phycocyanin A structure formed from the combination of cyanobacterial microbes and sediments is called: a stromatolite. Heterotrophic bacteria are able to break down large food items: with exoenyzmes. Important roles of bacteria include: primary producers, decomposer, and nitrogen fixation. Nutrient recycling in the marine environment is performed by: heterotrophic bacteria. Nitrogen fixation is carried out by: cyanobacteria. A special structure on certain cyanobacteria for nitrogen fixation is called a(n): heterocyst. Nitrogen fixation and nitrification are directly important processes for: autotrophic organisms. A bacteria sample is taken from the immediate vicinity of a hydrothermal vent. It would most likely contain: hyperthermophiles. Zooxanthellae are members of the following group of Eukaryotes: dinoflagellates. Harmful algal bloom toxins are produced by: dinoflagellates. The frustule of diatoms is made of: silica. The deposits of the following phytoplankton are used commercially in polishes and filtering devices: diatoms. Pseudopods are structures that are primarily found in: amoeboid protozoans. You add a weak acid solution to a sample of forminifera shells, and they bubble and fizz. This tells you that the external shells of foraminiferans are composed of: calcium carbonate. Tintinnids are examples of the following protozoans: ciliates. A very close association with two species is called: symbiosis. T/F The only autotrophic bacteria are chemosynthetic bacteria. False T/F Deep-sea vent bacteria do not rely on the sun as a source of energy. True T/F Since purple and green bacteria do not use water in their autotrophic processes, they are not photosynthetic. False T/F Nitrifying bacteria are important in the conversion of nitrogen gas to usable forms of nitrogen. False T/F Chemosynthesis is less efficient than photosynthesis. True T/F Amoeboid protozoans are autotrophic. False T/F Diatoms reproduce by binary fission. True T/F Ciliates are autotrophic members of the phytoplankton community. False T/F Fungi are surrounded by a cell wall made of chitin True T/F Fungi are usually found in pelagic habitats. False