COM3705
EXAM PORTFOLIO
SEMESTER 02, 2023
ALL QUESTIONS ANSWERED
FOR ASSIGNMENT, PORTFOLIO & EXAM
ASSISTANCE WHATSAPP:
+27 78 158 2606
,Table of Contents
Question 1: African China Media Relations............................................................................................1
1.1 Propaganda defined.....................................................................................................................1
1.2 Whether China’s media initiative and relations in Africa can be described as propaganda.........1
1.3 Diplomacy defined.......................................................................................................................3
1.4 Whether China’s media initiative and relations in Africa can be described as diplomacy............4
1.5 Kind of diplomacy........................................................................................................................6
1.6 Five actors in International Communication................................................................................6
Intergovernmental organisations...................................................................................................6
Multinational corporations (MNCs)...............................................................................................7
Nation States..................................................................................................................................7
International nongovernmental organisations...............................................................................8
States/Governments......................................................................................................................8
1.7 Theories in international communication....................................................................................9
Dependency theory.......................................................................................................................9
Media imperialism (media and economic imperialism)...............................................................10
Cultural Imperialism.....................................................................................................................11
Electronic colonialism theory.......................................................................................................12
Question 2...........................................................................................................................................13
2.1 Introduction - an overview of the topic covered in the essay....................................................13
2.2 Social Networks and Their Role in the 2021 July Unrest............................................................13
2.3 Dissemination of Fake News......................................................................................................13
2.4 Freedom of Expression vs. Instigator Actions.............................................................................14
2.5 Social Networks as an International Platform............................................................................14
2.6 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................15
SOURCES CONSULTED..........................................................................................................................16
, Question 1: African China Media Relations
1.1 Propaganda defined
According to (Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237), Propaganda, as a facet of
conventional diplomacy, is typically employed by one nation against another in cases
of adversarial relations. Its objective is to attain enduring outcomes in the target state
(Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237). Additionally, it can be utilised internally
within a country and projected as an external image to other nations (Lesame and
Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237). The term "propaganda" is frequently associated with
traditional diplomacy (Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237). In the realm of
traditional public diplomacy, the primary goal is to shape a positive perception of a
country's policies, behaviour, and political and economic systems (Lesame and
Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237). The underlying assumption is that if the general
populace in another nation can be persuaded to embrace this perception as an
accurate representation of reality, they will exert pressure on their government to
abandon its antagonistic stance and policies (Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014:
237). Conversely, if the populace in a country can reject a certain image constructed
by their own government, they can appeal to other nations to expose the fallacy of
that image (Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237). Propaganda may also serve
the purpose of presenting the domestic public as a counterbalance to local negative
propaganda (Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237).
1.2 Whether China’s media initiative and relations in Africa can be
described as propaganda
Yes, China's media initiative and relations in Africa can be described as a form of
propaganda. Several aspects of China's approach in Africa align with characteristics
commonly associated with propaganda efforts:
1
EXAM PORTFOLIO
SEMESTER 02, 2023
ALL QUESTIONS ANSWERED
FOR ASSIGNMENT, PORTFOLIO & EXAM
ASSISTANCE WHATSAPP:
+27 78 158 2606
,Table of Contents
Question 1: African China Media Relations............................................................................................1
1.1 Propaganda defined.....................................................................................................................1
1.2 Whether China’s media initiative and relations in Africa can be described as propaganda.........1
1.3 Diplomacy defined.......................................................................................................................3
1.4 Whether China’s media initiative and relations in Africa can be described as diplomacy............4
1.5 Kind of diplomacy........................................................................................................................6
1.6 Five actors in International Communication................................................................................6
Intergovernmental organisations...................................................................................................6
Multinational corporations (MNCs)...............................................................................................7
Nation States..................................................................................................................................7
International nongovernmental organisations...............................................................................8
States/Governments......................................................................................................................8
1.7 Theories in international communication....................................................................................9
Dependency theory.......................................................................................................................9
Media imperialism (media and economic imperialism)...............................................................10
Cultural Imperialism.....................................................................................................................11
Electronic colonialism theory.......................................................................................................12
Question 2...........................................................................................................................................13
2.1 Introduction - an overview of the topic covered in the essay....................................................13
2.2 Social Networks and Their Role in the 2021 July Unrest............................................................13
2.3 Dissemination of Fake News......................................................................................................13
2.4 Freedom of Expression vs. Instigator Actions.............................................................................14
2.5 Social Networks as an International Platform............................................................................14
2.6 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................15
SOURCES CONSULTED..........................................................................................................................16
, Question 1: African China Media Relations
1.1 Propaganda defined
According to (Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237), Propaganda, as a facet of
conventional diplomacy, is typically employed by one nation against another in cases
of adversarial relations. Its objective is to attain enduring outcomes in the target state
(Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237). Additionally, it can be utilised internally
within a country and projected as an external image to other nations (Lesame and
Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237). The term "propaganda" is frequently associated with
traditional diplomacy (Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237). In the realm of
traditional public diplomacy, the primary goal is to shape a positive perception of a
country's policies, behaviour, and political and economic systems (Lesame and
Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237). The underlying assumption is that if the general
populace in another nation can be persuaded to embrace this perception as an
accurate representation of reality, they will exert pressure on their government to
abandon its antagonistic stance and policies (Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014:
237). Conversely, if the populace in a country can reject a certain image constructed
by their own government, they can appeal to other nations to expose the fallacy of
that image (Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237). Propaganda may also serve
the purpose of presenting the domestic public as a counterbalance to local negative
propaganda (Lesame and Mukhudwana et al. 2014: 237).
1.2 Whether China’s media initiative and relations in Africa can be
described as propaganda
Yes, China's media initiative and relations in Africa can be described as a form of
propaganda. Several aspects of China's approach in Africa align with characteristics
commonly associated with propaganda efforts:
1
