CLAS 121 Latest Update with Certified Solutions

CLAS 121 Latest Update with Certified Solutions indigenous people Greek speakers found Cyclades, Minoans Minoan Art/Culture Centered around marine life...depicting marine animals and flying animals and fishing. Little to no war. Very luxurious. Focused on bull. Mycenaean Art/Culture Centered around war, very religious, created tholos tombs, not as luxurious, mainly depicted land animals Form of Homer's poetry dactylic hexameter...long, short, short Principles that motivate Homeric heroes timê (honor) aidôs (shame, respect) kleos (fame, reputation) What creates honor? What are some concrete signs of honor? Age (Nestor), status within the community (Agamenon) war/prowess (Achilles) How does a man win kleos (glory, fame, reputation)? Fight, die, speaker of words, doer of deeds, athletic When are where were the games held? Olympia, Pythia, Isthmia, Nemean = Athletic Circuit. 776 BC What games were playing during games? Boxing, pankration, pentathlon, running, horse/chariot races What phenomena and developments characterize the Archaic age? 1) money- Electrum coin from Lydia 2) Noveau-riche gap between haves and have not 3) Hoplite phalanx- totally dependant on everyone around you...shields protect each other Tyrant of Miletus Thrasybulus: didn't give advice and cut corn heads off of plant, wanted all highly influential to be murdered. PERIANDER: necrophilia with wife Tyrant of Athens Pisistratus: don't marry, get rid of wife/son, Pisistratus attacked so he could have body guard. Corinth: Cypseius Lycurgus Sparta, changed Spartan laws into "eunomia" (Good order) Draco Creates law code in 621 BC written in blood Solon appointed to recodify laws...explains in his poetry his attempt. Tries to create balance in Athens. Refused to redistrict land Kouros naked male statue...young Kore clothed female statue...young, beautiful, elaborately dressed. Originally painted, naturalistic, very similar to Egyptian statues Red Figure red (color of clay) figures, black background. Became popular and persisted. Black figure black/red figures, yellow/orange background. Boric columns with vertical cuts Ionic taller/longer with scroll shape Battle of Marathon Spartans not there, had to wait till full moon to attacked, Athenians rushed at Persians...made Persians surprised, Marathonomachoi "fighters at marathon", Greeks win, huge army by Xerxes Battle of Thermopylae Spartans valiant- fight over Leonidas' body, seer stays knowing he will die, Spartans pretend to run away but turn to kill, Persian messenger sees Spartans brushing hair...preparing to die...Xerxes surprised theyre not running away, Leonidas concerned with honor of Sparta and stays Battle of Salamis Themistocles and Athenians praised by Herodotus for naval victory at Salimus, Land battle finished off Persian troops, What did Greeks find most alien about Persia & Persians? 1) strict hierarchy- preoskyhesis...sign of submission 2) highly refined, luxury goods of Persia 3) Persians very effeminate in comparison to Greeks. They wore pants lol. 4) Skills prided: archery and horseback riding Xerxes is unwilling at first, so why does he invade Greece? 1) revenge for Darius' loss at Marathon...reciprocity 2) gods in dreams pushing him on 3) Cousin Mardonius urging him because he wants a satrap 4) people cant speak up In what ways does Aeschylus (in Persians) highlight the exotic aspect of Persia and Persian culture and identity, and its differences from Greek/Athenian culture/identity? Talks about Xerxes' torn robes, Atossa brings him better, fancier robes. Shows caring about looks. Very effeminate compared to Greeks, roll call of clothing, Atossa has never heard of Greece