Biology Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Correct

Biology Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Correct What are the chemical symbols for the top 4 elements in the human body? CHON Which specific carbohydrate is used as the main fuel or energy source for our bodies? Glucose aka Sugar What is a theory? B. A well-established belief that has been supported by evidence. A___bond is when two atoms SHARE electrons. Covalent bond A body of knowledge and a process for generating knowledge is called a___? Science The smallest whole unit of an element is called a(an)___? Atom An infectious particle consisting of nucleic acids and proteins is called a___? Virus What is the most basic unit of life? Cell How many electrons can the first electron shell hold (maximum)? 2 Anything that occupies space and has mass is called___? Matter Water as we normally drink it, is in which state or phase of matter? Liquid A working theory around which an experiment is designed is called a (an)___? Hypothesis When two or more elements combine chemically in definite proportions this makes up a___? Compound Which subatomic particles get involved in chemical bonding? Electrons Proteins and polypeptides are made of which monomers? Amino Acids The body of science that studies all living things is called? Biology Which of the following is not a characteristic of living things? D. They do not contain DNA. A (an)__bond occurs between positive and negatively charged Ions. Ionic bonds If an organism has the genus "Felis" and the species Domesticus, write the scientific name as it should appear together, written together. Felis domesticus--- the word MUST be underlined. If we talk about an extremophile that has a prokaryotic cell type, which Domain are we talking about? Archaea Water is the most dense at___degrees Celsius? 4 True or False: Ice is more dense than liquid water. False Which group of organic compounds (macromolecules) is most responsible for long term storage of energy? Lipids All biomolecules (macromolecules) in the cell are___based. C. carbon What is an atom's goal in life? To have its outer shell completely filled. The atomic number of an element is officially equal to it number of which subatomic particles? Electrons How many electrons can the second electron shell hold? (Max) 8 Electrons have which charge? Negative What is the chemical element symbol for sodium? Na Different forms of the same element that vary in their number of neutrons are called what? Isotopes Glucose and Fructose are two monosaccharides with the same molecular formula but vary in terms of their structure, thus they are called__to each other? Isomers The regular form of this element(not the ones referred to in #30 above) has no neutrons, what is this element? Hydrogen In terms of the biological hierarchies that begin with atoms and molecules, which level is it that includes a particular environment and all of its communities of different populations? Ecosystem Which level of biological hierarchy is the largest and most inclusive as it refers to anywhere in, on and around earth where life can exist? Biosphere Blood is typically buffered (pH) to which pH number? 7.4 If a compound donates H+ to the solution then it is acting as either an acid or a base, which is it? Acid This world refers to all chemical reactions that occur in a living thing, some are catabolic and some are anabolic. What is the name for the overall word? Metabolism Any complete and entire living things is called a (an)___? Organism A round shaped bacteria, based on shape, is called a___. Coccus If a bacterium is rod shaped and in a chain, what is the name for the arrangement and shape of this organism, in that order? Streptobasily Some bacteria have the ability to form structures inside the cell that can lie dormant for long periods of time if they are not properly killed through sterilization methods. These most resistant forms of life known are called___? Endospores Some bacteria have a slimy coat around them, like a greased pig effect, these structures are called__and can be a problem for the body to kill since WBC's often slip off them when they go to engulf them. Capsules Gram negative bacteria are supposed to have which color at the end of the gram stain procedure? Red A specific section of DNA that acts as a gene, codes for the production of which group of organic compounds? Proteins Which of the four levels of structure of a protein determines the condensed 3-D shape of the molecule and determines its function? Tertiary Is water a polar or nonpolar molecule? Polar Are regular lipids typically hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Hydrophobic Which polysaccharide is produced by plants and found in a lot of our plant based foods? Starch Which polysaccharide makes up the cell walls of plants? Cellulose Which polysaccharide is made in animals as a short term storage of glucose? Glycogen Where in the human body is the answer to #50 above produced? (one of the 2 possibilities is OK) Liver and Muscle How many amino acids are there in nature? 20 8 of them are "essential," what does that mean? They are needed. Which group of organic compounds makes up the structural components of the body and also catalysts of the body? Proteins Organic catalysts in the body that are needed for each chemical reaction are called___? Enzymes An organic molecule with an -ose ending (on the word) is what type of molecule? Sugar An organic molecule with an -ase ending (on the word) is what type of molecule? Enzyme