ABCP Review exam 2023 with 100% correct answers

Describe the surgical anatomy of the aortic valve. - correct answer 3-4cm2 normal valve area between LV and Ao Consists of 3 cusps suspended in the Sinuses of Valsalva The coronary ostia in each sinus give their name to the aortic leaflet (left, right, and non- coronary cusps respectively) Describe aortic valve regurgitation/insufficiency. - correct answer May result from diseases of the valve leaflet or dilation of the aortic root. Abnormal regurgitation of blood from the Ao into the LV during diastole. May be acute vs. chronic. With each contraction, LV must pump that regurgitant blood volume, plus the normal amount of blood entering from the LA. Factors that affect regurgitation are - Regurgitant volume/fraction - Pressure gradient across the valve - Duration of diastole What are some clinical presentations of aortic valve regurgitation/insufficiency? - correct answer Fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, decreased exercise tolerance How would someone observe aortic valve regurgitation/insufficiency on physical exam? - correct answer Wide pulse pressure (low diastolic pressure) in blood pressure readings, audible murmur