WGU C785 Final Exam with All the Correct Answers

What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged What are the 4 levels of protein structure? Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? hydrophobic bonds how do environmental changes affect protein folding? Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding how do mutations affect protein structure? Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a different protein. What is an electron? Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding What is energy: Power derived fro chemical interaction what are covalent bonds? chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons what is an ionic bond? bond between positive and negative what is a hydrogen bond? weak bond between positive and negative with an amino? piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3 what is a carboyxl? piece of amino acid, COO or COOH What is hydrophobic? Doesn't like water, end with CH what is hydrophilic? Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH