Praxis 5081 World History Latest Update Graded A

Praxis 5081 World History Latest Update Graded A Sumerians BCE Had City-States. Constructed dikes and reservoirs. Most likely invented the writing called cuneiform. King Hammurabi reigned BCE. Had legal code that called for retributive punishment (eye for an eye). Social class determined punishment for crime. Assyrians 1100-612 BCE. Conquered Syria, Palestine, and much of Mesopotamia. Conquered BY Chaldeans or New Babylonians. Egypt Had Pharos considered to be living gods. Pyramids of Giza built in 3rd Dynasty (2650 BCE). Made papyrus. Hebrews Moved to Egypt 1700 BCE. Were enslaved and fled Egypt under Moses and returned to Palestine. Under King David, Palestine defeated and split into Israel, 10 tribes know as the lost tribes and Judah two tribes. Greece Iliad and the Odyssey poems written by Homer. Archaic Period 800-500 BCE Organized around polis or city state. Oligarchs controlled. Sparta- Every spartan military trained for life starting at age 7. Classical Age 5th Century. High point of Greek civilization. Construction of the Parthenon. War with Athens and Sparta 431-404BCE ended with Athens defeat. Sparta eventually fell to Thebes. Revolution in Philosophy-Socrates and Plato. Socrates emphasized the individual by attaining excellence through grammar, art, music, mathematics, and rhetoric. Questioning was greatly emphasized as well. Followers called Sophists. Plato Emphasized ethics. Philosophy should seek to penetrate to the real nature of things. Aristotle Platos Pupil. Argued his ideas saying ideas and forms did not exist out of things. Must examine matter, form, origin, and its purpose when studying anything. Greeks were the first to study... History Macedonians were a Greek people who... never developed a city-state, but had more land and people than other polis. Alexander the Great's empire included... Syria, Persia, Indus River Valley. Established 70 cities at the time of his death, and a trading system. After his death, his realm was split to 3 of his generals. They all fell to Rome. Byzantine Empire: Justinian and Theodora Emperor in the East and his controversial wife. Books Procopious and Secret History paint pictures of her being courages but also both of them being cruel and lustful people. Roman Empire: Pax Romana Civil war greatly effected the land at this time. Attacked by barbarians. Christians could move freely through country. By the turn of the century it had spread through the entire Empire. Woman were included in Christianity. Byzantine Empire: Crusaders The Crusades were military campaigns sanctioned by the Latin Roman Catholic Church during the High Middle Ages and Late Middle Ages. In 1095, Pope Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade with the stated goal of restoring Christian access to holy places in and near Jerusalem. Roman Empire: Octavian Caesar's Heir later given the title Augustus ruled for 44 years. Introduced new coinage, tax collection, fire and police protection, and land for settlers. Mohammed Muslims believe that Mohammad (also spelled as "Muhammad") (peace be upon him) is the last and final Messenger of God to be sent to humanity. He was sent to complete the mission of the previous Messengers (including Abraham, Moses, Jesus and others) of calling people to believing in God and following the guidance and teachings of God. Sharia Code of law , outlines the 5 pillars of faith for Muslim people. 1. One God and Mohammed is his prophet 2. Pray 5 times a day 3. Preform Charitable acts 4. Fast 5. Make a Haj or pilgrimage to Mecca Koran Holy book. Contains 114 verses. Contains Mohammed's teachings. Feudalism in Japan began with arrival or nomadic warriors from throughout Asia. Had a feudal lord who controlled over many domains.