Lifespan Developmental Psychology Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions

Alleles that are the same are called ________. a. homozygous b. phenotypes c. genotypes d. heterozygous correct answer: Homozygous Aubrey and Ava are identical twins who were raised in separate homes by their divorced parents. Now, as they enter elementary school, Aubrey shows mild symptoms of phenylketonuria (PKU), but Ava's symptoms are more severe. The girls have different ________ for this disease. a. autosomes b. genotypes c. alleles d. phenotypes correct answer: Phenotypes Which condition involves an extra chromosome? a. sickle-cell disease b. Down syndrome c. phenylketonuria d. Huntington's disease correct answer: Down Syndrome Alexander has a sex chromosome abnormality. He is very tall, has small testicles, and has never been able to conceive a child with his wife. His personality is rather unreactive. Alexander most likely has ________. a. XYY complement b. Klinefelter's syndrome c. XXX syndrome d. Turner's syndrome correct answer: Klinefelter's Syndrome During prenatal development, the ________ will become the digestive system. a. endoderm b. mesoderm c. ectoderm d. germ disc correct answer: Endoderm The reason infants and children have such large heads compared to their bodies is described by the ________. a. laying of the exoderm b. proximodistal principle c. influence of teratogens d. cephalocaudal principle correct answer: cephalocaudal principle When couples cannot conceive a child naturally, some turn to in vitro fertilization. In this process, ________. a. a surrogate mother carries the baby to term b. a doctor injects sperm cells directly into the fallopian tube c. a sex therapist teaches the couple relaxation strategies to reduce stress d. sperm cells and egg cells are mixed in a petri dish correct answer: sperm cells and egg cells are mixed in a petri dish During which period of prenatal development would exposure to teratogens most likely cause defects to major body structures? a. embryo b. fetus c. implantation d. zygote correct answer: embryo Which period begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg? a. ectoderm b. fetus c. zygote d. embryo correct answer: Zygote Marsha was in a relatively minor car accident; the embryo in her uterus was not harmed due to the cushioning effect of the ________. a. amniotic fluid b. vernix c. placenta d. umbilical cord correct answer: Amniotic Fluid Exposure to DES during pregnancy has been linked to ________. a. memory problems b. low birth weight in females and later fertility problems c. high rates of miscarriage d. effects decades after the drug was taken correct answer: effects decades after the drug was taken When Celina was pregnant, her obstetrician used a needle to obtain a small sample of fluid for analysis to determine the possible presence of genetic abnormalities in the baby. Celina underwent the process of ________. a. chorionic villus sampling b. ultrasound c. amniocentesis d. fetal surgery correct answer: amniocentesis Keira is giving birth and is attempting to pass the placenta. She is in the ________ stage of birth. a. first b. third c. fourth d. second correct answer: third Which birth complication involves the infant's head being bigger than the pelvis of the mother? a. irregular position b. cephalopelvic disproportion c. preeclampsia d. hypoxia correct answer: cephalopelvic disproportion The technical term for the fertilized egg just after conception is the________. a. placenta b. endoderm c. zygote d. embryo correct answer: zygote The emerging field of study concerned with treating prenatal problems before birth is called ________. a. pediatrics b. gerontology c. obstetrics d. fetal medicine correct answer: fetal medicine Jermaine was hiking in the Rocky Mountains for the first time and became sick. At the hospital, he was diagnosed with sickle-cell disease. Jermaine likely has sickle-cell trait, which is a situation where he has a mild form of sickle-cell disease that is exacerbated by vigorous exercise or high altitude. Sickle-cell trait is characterized by: a. two dominant sickle-cell alleles b. one dominant normal allele and one recessive sickle-cell allele c. one incomplete dominant sickle-cell allele d. two recessive sickle-cell alleles correct answer: one dominant normal allele and one recessive sickle-cell allele Fetal therapy is most likely to use which of the following tests to assess potential problems with the fetus? a. cesarean section (C-section) b. noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) c. preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) d. germ disc correct answer: noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) Although the cerebral cortex is forming and the mother can feel the fetus moving, the fetus is not yet: a. a zygote b. with a functioning circulatory system c. at the age of viability d. at the sex determination stage correct answer: at the age of viability During the period of ________, the mesoderm begins to form. a. the embryo b. the fetus c. the zygote d. implantation correct answer: the embryo