Midterm Summary Linguistics 3

Complete Summary

Linguistics 3
The Syntax of English: Present and Past




Anouk de Waard
BA English Language and Culture
Leiden University

,Index

Index 1
Syntactic structure 3
Hierarchical 3
Functional 3
How to represent 3
Syntactic categories 3
Constituency tests 3
Phrase structure and constituency 4
c-command 4
m-command 4
X’-theory 5
X-bar theory 5
Ingredients of X-bar theory 5
Positions in a phrase 5
head 5
complement 5
adjunct 5
specifier 6
Complements vs adjuncts 6
Inflectional phrases 7
Auxiliary stacking 7
Complementizer phrases (CP) 8
Embedded clauses 8
The CP phrase in questions 8
Determiner phrases 9
NP is now DP 9
Possessives 9
Pronominal possessors 9
Empty determiner 10
Pronouns 10
Prepositional phrases 11
Evidence of levels in the PP 11
Adjective phrases 11
Evidence of levels in the AP 11
Verb phrases 11


1

, Evidence of levels in the VP 11
Coordinated Phrases 12
Conjunction phrases 12
Problems with ConjP 12
Theta theory 13
Arguments 13
verb types and their arguments 13
Theta criterion 13
Theta roles (Θ-roles) 13
Special subjects 14
Expletives 14
Silent subjects 14
Subject control 14
Object control 14
Arbitrary PRO 14
Case 15
Morphological case 15
Case assignors 15
nominative 15
accusative 15
genitive 15
oblique 15
ECM constructions 16




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