FUNDAMENTALS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING, NSG 3100 FUNDAMENTALS EXAM 1 OUTLINE LATEST A+ GRADE GUARANTEED (GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING) 2023/2024

Fundamentals exam 1 outline: Hygiene: Hand washing: The purpose of hand hygiene: ◆ Helps to prevent the spread of microorganisms. ◆ Standard practice for patient care. Resources for hand hygiene: ◆ Soap ◆ Warm running water ◆ Paper towels ◆ Alcohol based hand sanitizer. Special circumstances for hand hygiene: ◆ Assess- is there any cuts, open sores, or breaks in the skin around the cuticles, including hangnails? ● Intervention- cover the injuries with appropriate dressing after washing; wear gloves; or delegate the assignment or request a different one. ◆ Assess- are fingernails long or do they have artificial nails or nail polish? ● Intervention- file nails, remove nail polish and remove artificial nails. ◆ Assess- is the handwasher wearing jewelry? ● Intervention- remove jewelry; a plain wedding band, thoroughly washed and dried, is permitted. ◆ Assess- is the handwasher wearing a watch or long sleeves? ● Intervention- push the watch and sleeves above the wrist. ◆ Assess- is there visible soiling or dirt on the hands? ● Intervention- soap and water must be used to thoroughly clean hands if there is any visible soiling or dirt; otherwise, alcohol based hand sanitizer may be used. Special circumstances during the procedure: ◆ Assess- did hands (skin) directly touch any individual or surface when washing them? ● Intervention- body, clothing, sink, and other surfaces are considered contaminated. Restart handwashing. ◆ Assess- did hands (skin) touch any other surface when retrieving paper towels? ● Intervention- body, clothes, sink, and other surfaces are considered contaminated. Restart handwashing. Handwashing procedure: ◆ Always introduce yourself and educate the patient regarding handwashing. Turn on warm, not hot water, wet the wrists, hands, and fingers pointing downward, apply soap, and wash for 15-20 seconds. ◆ Always remember to wash using circular motion and to rinse from wrist to fingertip. Factors influencing hygiene: Culture can influence hygiene in different ways. ◆ Some cultures do not allow for male nurses to perform peri care on a female patient and vice versa. ◆ Some cultures do not bathe daily, but weekly. In other cultures, some bathe daily. ◆ A beard in some cultures can mean that the man is married. ◆ Women of some cultures shave their axilla and legs, while other cultures do not shave these areas. Other factors of hygiene include environment, religion, developmental level, personal preferences, and diversity considerations. It is always important to ask your patient about a bathing routine and respect their wishes/beliefs. Normal & abnormal assessment findings: Assessment of the skin occurs before and during hygiene care. Before hygiene care, the nurse should ask the patient if they have noticed dry skin, rashes, skin changes, or sores. While performing hygiene care, assess the skin for changes. ◆ Assess the color, texture, warmth, and intactness of the skin. ◆ Assess the hair. ● Poor hair hygiene can be indicated by oily, matted, or tangled hair. ◆ Broken or missing teeth, red gums, halitosis, and open sores are all indications of altered oral health and poor oral hygiene. Delegation of hygiene skills: Collaboration with colleagues is necessary when a patient requires a caregiver of the same sex for personal care because of cultural or religious beliefs. Family and friends need to be involved in goal setting if the patient needs assistance with self-care activities. Interprofessional collaboration with physical therapists for assessment of the patients motor abilities and with occupational therapists for evaluation of the patients activities of daily living may be necessary. Bathing: Different types of bathing- ◆ Complete bed bath ● Performed for patients who are bed ridden or depend totally on others for care. ● Nurses or UAPs wash the patient and perform passive ROM exercises as appropriate. ● Assess the patient's skin before and during this. ◆ Partial bed bath ● Only part of the body is washed. ● Some like to wash their hands and face before breakfast