APUSH 8.10 - 8.12 AMSCO |74 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

James Meredith a young African American Air force veteran, attempted to enroll at the University of Mississippi, Kennedy sent in 400 federal marshals and 3,000 troops to control mob violence and protect Meredith's right to attend class How did Kennedy support progress during the Civil Rights Movement Kennedy sent in 400 federal marshals and 3,000 troops to control mob violence and protect Meredith's right to attend class Governer George Wallace tried to stop an African American student from entering the University of Alabama Martin Luther King Jr. Leader of the civil rights movement Why was MLK arrested? Parading without a permit How did MLK's arrest prove to be a milestone in the Civil Rights movement because most Americans believed King to have been jailed unjustly Letter from Birmingham Jail A letter written by Martin Luther King Jr. after he had been arrested when he took part in a nonviolent march against segregation. He was disappointed more Christians didn't speak out against racism. How did the Letter from Birmingham Jail effect kennedy moved President Kennedy to support a tougher civil rights bill March on Washington held in 1963 to show support of jobs and the civil rights bill. I have a dream speech which appealed for the end of racial prejudice and ended with everyone in the crowd singing " We shall overcome" 1964 Civil Rights Act which made segregation illegal in all public facilities, including hotels and restaurants, and gave federal government more power to enforce school desegregation. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to end discrimination in employment on the basis of race, religion, sex, or national origin 24th amendment Abolishes poll taxes March to Montgomery In 1965, this was a voting rights march from Selma Alabama to the capitol in Montgomery. Television showed protesters being beaten and tear gassed and the march was a turning point in the civil rights movement. President Johnson sent federal troops to protect the marchers. What was passed in result of the March to montogomery Voting Rights Act of 1965 Voting Rights Act of 1965 ended literacy tests and provided federal registrars in areas in which blacks were kept from voting Black Muslims Developed by the black Muslim Leader Elijah Muhammad who preached black nationalism, separatism, and self-improvement. The movement attracted thousands of followers. Malcom X African-American civil rights leader who encouraged violent responses to racial discrimination Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) students whose purpose was coordinate a nonviolent attack on segregation and other forms of racism Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) an interracial group founded in 1942 by James Farmer to work against segregation in Northern cities Who inspired the CORE and SNCC Malcom X Black Panthers were organized by Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, and other militant as a revolutionary socialist movement advocating self-rule for American blacks What caused the urban riots arrest of a young black motorist by White police in the black neighborhood of Watts in LA sparked a six day riot What did the rioters yell Burn baby burn or Get Whitey Kerner Commission federal committee which studied urban violence and found it resulted from racism by whites. Found out the US was becoming two societies, one black, one white separate and unequal de facto segregation Segregation resulting from economic or social conditions or personal choice. Result of MLK death Massive riots in 168 cities across the country leaving atleast 46 people dead. What contributed to the revewal of the women's movement in the 1960s the increased education and employment of women, the civil rights movement, and the sexual revolution What book did Betty Friedan write? The Feminine Mystique The Feminine Mystique gave the movement a new direction by encouraging middle-class women to seek fulfillment in professional careers in addition to filling the roles of wife, mother, and homemaker. Who helped found the National Organization of Women Friedan National Organization of Women(Now) which adopted the activist tactics of other civil rights movements to secure equal treatment of women, especially for job opportunities Equal Pay Act of 1963 Requires that men and women be paid the same amount for doing the same job Title IX a statute to end sex discrimination in schools that receive federal funding. Equal Rights Amendment proposed constitutional amendment stated: "Equality of t under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex." Did the ERA ever become a constitutional amendment? No Cesar Chavez . Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. United Farm Workers Association established by Cesar Chavez; used strikes, picketing, and marches to help protect migrant workers rights Hispanic Americans won a federal mandate for bilingual education requiring schools to teach Hispanic Americans were elected to office Cause of the American Indian Mevement Eisenhower Administrations had made an unsuccessful attempt to encourage American Indians to leave reservations. American Indian Movement (AIM) led by Dennis Banks and Russell Means; purpose was to obtain equal rights for Native Americans; protested at the site of the Wounded Knee massacre Indian Self-Determination Act (1975) which gave reservations and tribal lands greater control over internal programs, education and law enforcement. Asian Americans the largest of this minority were of Chinese ancestry followed by Filipinos, Japanese, Indians, Koreans, and Vietnamese What caused the gay rights movement a police raid on the Stonewall Inn a gay bar in New York City sparked both a riot and the gay rights movement Gay rights movement Civil Rights movement dedicated to homosexual equality; starts in the late 1960's and early 1970's effects of gay rights movement federal civil service dropped its ban on employment of homosexuals " Dont ask dont tell" Earl Warren Chief Justice during the 1950's and 1960's who used a loose interpretation to expand rights for both African-Americans and those accused of crimes. Warren Court made a series of decisions that profoundly affected the criminal-justice system, state political systems, and the definition of individual rights Criminal justice system made up of the agencies of social control, such as police departments, courts, and correctional institutions that handle criminal offenders Mapp v. Ohio Evidence illegally gathered by the police may not be used in a criminal trial Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) Ruled that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioning by police. Miranda v. Arizona extended the riling in Escobedo to require the police to inform an arrested person of his or her right to remain silent Baker v. Carr case that est. one man one vote. this decision created guidelines for drawing up congressional districts and guaranteed a more equitable system of representation to the citizens of each state "one man, one vote" principle meaning that election districts would have to be redrawn to provide equal representation for all of states citizens Reapportionment the process of reassigning representation based on population, after every census Yates v. United States the First Amendment protected radical and revolutionary speech, even by Communists, unless it was a 'clear and present danger" to the safety of the country Engel v. Vitale (1962) There may not be a prayer, even a nondenominational one, in public schools Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) Found a "right to privacy" in the Constitution that would ban any state law against selling contraceptives Counter Culture A culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture. What was the youth insprired by by the Civil rights movements of African Americans Student Democratic Society group issued a declaration of purposes known as the Port Huron Statement. It called for university decisions to be made through participatory democracy so that students would have a voice in decisions affecting their lives Port Huron Statement Manifesto of the Students for a Democratic Society, which criticized the federal government for racial inequality, poverty, and also the Cold War and international peace. Free Speech Movement led by Mario Savio it protested on behalf of students rights. It spread to colleges throughought the country discussing unpopular faculty tenure decisions, dress codes, dormitory regulations, and appearances by Johnson administration officials. How did students protest draft card burning, sit ins Chicago Convention The 1968 Democratic Convention was held in Chicago. Television showed what looked like a "police riot" as antiwar protesters were brutally beaten. (p. 616) Democratic Convention of 1968 1968, In Chicago in 1968; where Democratic delegates gathered to nominate Vice-president Hubert Humphrey. The hall was protected with barbed wire and police officers to keep the protesters away. Weather Underground embraced violence and vandalism in their attacks of "the system." Their methods escalated from riots to stealing weapons to bombings from 1969 through the 1970s. folk music of Joan Baez and Bob Dylan gave voice to the younger generation's protests rock music of the Beatles, the rolling stones, Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin provided the beat and lyrics for the counter culture Woodstock Music Festival An outdoor music festival at rural New York farm in 1969, it featured a lineup of popular counterculture performers and was attended by 500,000 people. Sexual revolution of 1960s and 1970s led to Americans becoming more comfortable with talking about sex Alfred Kinsey his research described human sexual behavior and was controversial (for its methodology & findings)