Test Bank Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 16th Edition Tortora All Chapters (1-29 Questions and Answers A+ Graded 100% Verified)

Test Bank Principles of Anatomy and Physiology 16th Edition Tortora All Chapters (1-29 Questions and Answers A+ Graded 100% Verified) Testbank Chapter 1. An Introduction to the Human Body Multiple Choice 1. This is the study of the functions of body structures. a. Anatomy b. Physiology c. Dissection d. Histology e. Immunology Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: 1.1 2. This is defined as a group of cells with similar structure and function. a. Tissue b. Organ c. Molecules d. Compounds e. Organism Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: 1.2 3. Using your fingers to find your pulse on your wrist is an example of a. Auscultation b. Palpation c. Responsiveness d. Gross anatomy e. Physiologist Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.2 4. Percussion techniques can be used to determine a. Heart beats b. Pulse rate c. Amplify sounds d. Fluid in the lungs e. Enlarged organs Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.2 5. This is the sum of all cellular processes that occur in the body. a. Metabolism b. Anabolism c. Catabolism d. Auscultation e. Palpation Ans: A Difficulty: hard Feedback: 1.3 6. List the basic processes of life. Ans: The basic processes of life include metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation and reproduction. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.3 7. This is the regulation of body conditions within normal limits. a. Palpation b. Percussion c. Homeostasis d. Autopsy e. Histology Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 1.4 8. The systems that provide homeostasis are: a. Cardiovascular and Integumentary b. Nervous system and Endocrine c. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems d. Respiratory and muscular systems e. Urinary and integumentary systems Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: 1.4 9. This body fluid directly affects the proper functioning of cells. a. Lymph b. Blood c. Interstitial fluid d. Aqueous humor e. Vitreous body Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.4 10. Name the differences between a positive and a negative feedback system. Ans: A positive feedback system will strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions while a negative feedback system will reverse a change in a controlled condition. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.4 11. This is the structure of a feedback system that receives output from the control center. a. Receptor b. Body fluids c. Brain d. Effector e. Afferent Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.4 12. This is the structure of a feedback system that provides input to the control center. a. Receptor b. Muscle c. Brain d. Effector e. Efferent Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.4 13. A condition NOT regulated by a negative feedback loop would be: a. Childbirth b. Body temperature c. Blood pressure d. Heart rate e. Blood sugar Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.4 14. This is a change in body function that can be measured objectively. a. Symptom b. Disorder c. Disturbance d. Disease e. Sign Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.4 Essay 15. Describe the anatomical position. Ans: In the anatomical position the subject stands erect facing the observer with the head level and the eyes facing forward. The feet are flat on the floor and directed forward and the arms are at the sides with the palms turned forward. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 Multiple Choice 16. In which cavity is the brain located? a. Cranial cavity b. Vertebral cavity c. Abdominal cavity d. Pericardial cavity e. Pleural cavity Ans: A Difficulty: Easy Feedback: 1.5 17. In which cavity are the lungs located? a. Cranial cavity b. Vertebral cavity c. Abdominal cavity d. Pericardial cavity e. Pleural cavity Ans: E Difficulty: Easy Feedback: 1.5 18. In which cavity is the stomach located? a. Cranial cavity b. Vertebral cavity c. Abdominal cavity d. Pericardial cavity e. Pleural cavity Ans: C Difficulty: Easy Feedback: 1.5 19. This cavity is inferior to the abdominopelvic cavity. a. Vertebral canal b. Cranial cavity c. Abdominal cavity d. Pericardial cavity e. Pelvic cavity Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 20. Which cavity would include the heart? a. Cranial cavity b. Vertebral cavity c. Abdominal cavity d. Pericardial cavity e. Pleural cavity Ans: D Difficulty: Easy Feedback: 1.5 21. The function of the secretions of the serous membrane is to: a. Separate the thoracic and abdominal cavities b. Protect the central nervous system c. Prevent infection d. Reduce friction between organs e. Carry nervous impulses Ans: D Difficulty: Medium Feedback: 1.5 22. This plane divides the body into right and left halves. a. Frontal b. Sagittal c. Transverse d. Oblique e. Coronal Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 23. This plane divides the body into anterior and posterior halves. a. Frontal b. Sagittal c. Transverse d. Oblique e. Midsagittal Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 24. A transverse plane will cut a body or organ into a. Anterior and posterior b. Left and right c. Superior and inferior d. At an angle e. Unequal left and right sides Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 25. This directional term means farthest from the midline. a. Medial b. Anterior c. Proximal d. Deep e. Lateral Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 26. This directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of a structure. a. Deep b. Contralateral c. Lateral d. Cephalic e. Distal Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 27. This directional term is the opposite of deep. a. Superficial b. Superior c. Inferior d. Distal e. Proximal Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.6 28. Choose the directional term that would make the sentence correct. The heart is to the liver. a. Inferior b. Anterior c. Contralateral d. Superior e. Superficial Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 29. Choose the directional term that would make the sentence correct: The sternum is to the heart. a. Posterior b. Anterior c. Inferior d. Superior e. Lateral Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 30. Which of the following organs is not found in the abdominal cavity? a. Stomach b. Spleen c. Liver d. Gallbladder e. Diaphragm Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 31. This covers the viscera within the thoracic and abdominal cavities and lines the walls of the thorax and abdomen. a. Pericardium b. Pleura c. Mediastinum d. Diaphragm e. Serous membrane Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 32. 32. Where on the diagram is the femoral area? a. D b. E c. F d. J e. K Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 33. 33. Where on the diagram is the sacral area? a. C b. D c. E d. I e. J Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 34. 34. Where on the diagram is the cervical area? a. C b. E c. J d. K e. A Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 35. 35. Where on the diagram is the brachial area? a. C b. E c. I d. K e. D Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 36. 36. Where on the diagram is the popliteal area? a. H b. I c. J d. D e. E Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 37. 37. The liver is to the sternum. a. Lateral b. Medial c. Proximal d. Distal e. Superior Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 The stomach is to the bladder. a. Lateral b. Medial c. Distal d. Inferior e. Superior Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 The humerus is to the scapula. a. Proximal b. Distal c. Medial d. Superior e. Anterior Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 Which plane is parasagittal? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 Which plane is frontal? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 Which plane is transverse? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 Which plane is oblique? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 Essay 44. Name the cavities of the trunk and the serous membranes that line them. Ans: The four cavities are the pericardial, pleural, abdominal and pelvic. The pericardial membrane is lined by the pericardium. The pleura lines the pleural cavity. The abdominal and pelvic cavities are lined by the peritoneum. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.5 45. List the eleven systems of the human body. Ans: The eleven system of the human body include the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, digestive, urinary, respiratory, immune and lymphatic, cardiovascular, endocrine, and reproductive systems. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.2 46. Name the structural levels of the body and describe each level. Ans: The chemical level consists of atoms and molecules which are formed from the atoms. The cell level consists of cells which are the smallests form of life. The tissue level consists of groups of cells that work to provide a single function. The organ level consists of organs, constructed of different types of tissue, that can provide several different specific functions. The systems consist of one to many organs that are interlinked in general functions. The organism is made up of all of the systems which work to provide homeostasis. Difficulty: Hard Feedback: 1.2 47. List and briefly describe the six basic life processes. Ans: The six basic life processes include metabolism, which is the sum of all chemical processes in the body. Responsiveness is the body’s ability to detect and respond to internal and external stimuli. Movement includes motion of an individual cell to the entire body. Growth means an increase in body size or an increase in the number of cells. Differentiation is the process from taking a cell from unspecialized to specialized. Reproduction refers to formation of new cells for growth and repair or production of a new individual. Difficulty: hard Feedback: 1.3 48. Describe a feedback system and list the components. Ans: A feedback loop is a cycle of events in which the status of the body condition is monitored, evaluated and changed to maintain homeostasis. A feedback system will include a receptor that detects the stimuli, a control central that receives the input from the receptor and generates an output and an effector that that produces a response. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 1.4 Testbank Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization Multiple Choice 1. What are the major elements found in the body? a. Nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, sodium b. Hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus, calcium c. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen d. Oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium e. Potassium, phosphorus, sodium, hydrogen Ans: C Difficulty: easy Feedback: 2.1 2. The subatomic particles that make up atoms include: a. Neutrons, quarks, muons b. Protons, neutrons, electrons c. Muons, positons, neutrons d. Electrons, quarks, protons e. Positons, protons, neutrons Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: 2.1 3. Which of the following particles has a neutral charge? a. Neutron b. Electron c. Proton d. All of the above Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: 2.1 4. What region of an atom contains the protons and neutrons? a. Cloud b. Nucleus c. Element d. Ring e. Shell Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: 2.1 5. This is the number of protons or electrons. a. Mass number b. Atomic number c. Isotope d. Valence shell e. None of the above Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: 2.1 6. As an atoms nucleus decays, it will emit radiation. This is seen in a. Compounds b. Cations c. Anions d. Isotopes e. Molecules Ans: D Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.1 7. This refers to the atomic weight of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element. a. Mass number b. Atomic number c. Atomic mass d. Ionic mass e. Covalent mass Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.1 8. Describe a beneficial use of radiation?. Ans: Radiation can be used for imaging purposes, create tracers and treatment of cancers by destroying cancer cells. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.1 Essay 9. Briefly describe the octet rule. Ans: One atom is more likely to interact with another atom if doing so will leave both atoms with eight electrons in their valence shells. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.1 Multiple Choice 10. Which of the following particles plays a role in creating chemical bonds? a. Neutron b. Electron c. Proton d. All of the above Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.2 11. This is a negatively charged atom. a. Superoxide b. Isotope c. Catalyst d. Ion e. Valence Ans: D Difficulty: easy Feedback: 2.2 12. Which of the below provide an electrical current?. a. Isotope b. Ionic molecule c. Compound d. Electrolyte e. Valence molecule Ans: D Difficulty: easy Feedback: 2.5 13. This type of bond requires a sharing of electrons. a. Covalent b. Ionic c. Hydrogen d. Atomic e. Electronic Ans: A Difficulty: easy Feedback: 2.2 14. This is the type of bond between the atoms forming water a. Nonpolar covalent b. Polar covalent c. Hydrogen d. Ionic e. Atomic Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.2 Essay 15. Describe a hydrogen bond. Ans: Hydrogen bonds form between the slightly positively charged hydrogen atom and a slightly negatively charged atom, mostly oxygen or nitrogen. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.2 Multiple Choice 16. Which of the following bonds provides the three dimensional structure of large molecules like proteins and DNA? a. Nonpolar covalent b. Polar covalent c. Hydrogen d. Ionic e. Atomic Ans: C Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.5 17. This occurs when new bonds form or old bonds break between atoms. a. Ions b. Electrolytes c. Isotopes d. Chemical reaction e. Compounds Ans: D Difficulty: easy Feedback: 2.2 18. This is defined as the capacity to do work. a. Metabolism b. Electrolytes c. Chemical reaction d. Concentration e. Energy Ans: E Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.3 Essay 19. Describe the law of conservation of energy. Ans: Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it may be converted from one form to another form. Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.3 Multiple Choice 20. This type of reaction will absorb more energy that it releases. a. Exergonic b. Endergonic c. Potential d. Kinetic e. Activation Ans: B Difficulty: easy Feedback: 2.3 21. An enzyme acts to a. Raise the activation energy needed b. Lower the activation energy needed c. Convert the activation energy into potential d. Convert the activation energy into kinetic e. Break a chemical reaction Ans: b Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.3 Essay 22. Describe three factors that increase the rate of chemical reactions. Ans: Three factors that promote reaction rates are the presence of enzymes (catalysts), increased concentration of reactants and increased temperature. Difficulty: Hard Feedback: 2.3 Multiple Choice 23. This type of reaction will combine reactants to produce larger products. a. Synthesis b. Decomposition c. Potential d. Exchange e. Activated Ans: A Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.3 24. This type of reaction will break larger reactants to produce smaller products. a. Synthesis b. Decomposition c. Potential d. Exchange e. Activated Ans: B Difficulty: medium Feedback: 2.7