PHYSICS Higher Tier Paper 2

PHYSICS Higher Tier Paper 2 Friday 16 June 2023 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes Materials For this paper you must have: • a ruler • a scientific calculator • a protractor • the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing. • Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. • Answer all questions in the spaces provided. • Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages. • Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. • If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). • In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. Information • The maximum mark for this paper is 100. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. *JUN23 4632H01* IB/M/Jun23/E9 8463/2H Answer all questions in the spaces provided. outside the box Infrared waves are transverse waves. . Complete the sentence. [1 mark] In a transverse wave, the direction of oscillation is to the direction of energy transfer by the wave. A student investigated how the colour of a surface affects the rate at which the surface emits infrared radiation. Figure 1 shows some of the equipment used. Figure 1 . The student wrote the following hypothesis: ‘The black-coloured flask will emit more infrared radiation than the silver-coloured flask during 10 minutes of cooling.’ Describe a method to test this hypothesis. [6 marks] box Question 1 continues on the next page . When will the flasks emit infrared radiation at the greatest rate? Give a reason for your answer. Tick () one box. [2 marks] outside the box During the 1st minute During the 5th minute During the 9th minute Reason Another student investigated the absorption of infrared radiation by different surface colours. The student filled four hollow metal cubes with cold water. Each cube was the same size but had a different surface colour. The cubes were then placed the same distance from an infrared heater. After 10 minutes, the student measured the temperature increase of the water inside each cube. outside the box . What was the dependent variable in this investigation? [1 mark] . Table 1 shows the results. Table 1 Surface colour of the cube Temperature increase after 10 minutes in °C Matt white 3.0 Shiny white 2.0 Matt black 6.5 Shiny black 4.0 Give two conclusions that can be made from the results in Table 1. [2 marks] 1 2 Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 01.6 and 01.7. box . Which equation correctly links area, force and pressure? Tick () one box. [1 mark] pressure = force × area2 pressure = force × area force pressure = area area pressure = force . The water pressure at the bottom of the cube is 1500 Pa. Calculate the force of the water on the bottom of the cube. [4 marks] box Turn over for the next question *07* Turn over ► 0 2 Figure 3 shows the route an aeroplane takes as it travels from an airport terminal to the runway. Figure 3 has been drawn to scale. Figure 3 . Determine the magnitude of the aeroplane’s displacement from the start point to the finish point on Figure 3. [2 marks] Displacement = m *0* Figure 4 shows the direction of the horizontal forces acting on the aeroplane as it moves in a straight line towards the runway. Figure 4 . Determine the magnitude of the resultant horizontal force on the aeroplane. [1 mark] Resultant horizontal force = N . Describe the motion of the aeroplane as it moves towards the runway. [1 mark] . Air resistance and friction are contact forces. Give one other example of a contact force. [1 mark] Turn over ► . The aeroplane stops for a short time and then accelerates along the runway. Figure 5 shows a distance–time sketch-graph for this stage of the journey. Figure 5 box Draw the velocity–time sketch-graph for this stage of the journey on Figure 6. [2 marks] Figure 6 . The aeroplane takes off from the runway, so its height above the ground increases. Figure 7 shows how atmospheric pressure varies with the height of the aeroplane above the ground. Figure 7 Estimate the atmospheric pressure when the height of the aeroplane above the ground is 10 km. box [2 marks] Atmospheric pressure = kPa Question 2 continues on the next page Turn over ► . What happens to the air surrounding the aeroplane as the height of the aeroplane above the ground increases? box [1 mark] Tick () one box. The average density of the air above the aeroplane decreases. The mass of air above the aeroplane increases. The temperature of the air increases. The volume of air below the aeroplane decreases. 0 3 Some cars have a lever that is used to apply the handbrake. Figure 8 shows the handbrake lever in a car. Figure 8 . The driver applies the force shown in Figure 8. The force produces a moment about the pivot. How could the driver increase the moment about the pivot without increasing the size of the force? [1 mark] Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over ► The driver releases the handbrake. Figure 9 shows how the velocity of the car changes during the first 5 seconds of a journey. Figure 9 . After 3 seconds, the momentum of the car is 24 000 kg m/s. Calculate the mass of the car. Use the Physics Equations Sheet. [4 marks] Mass = kg . Determine the distance travelled by the car during the first 5 seconds of the journey. box Use Figure 9. [3 marks] Distance travelled by the car = m Question 3 continues on the next page Turn over ► . In an emergency the driver needs to apply the brakes suddenly to stop the car quickly. The driver of the car is distracted. Explain why the distraction will increase the stopping distance. [3 marks] box . Explain why the temperature of the brakes increases as they are used. [2 marks]