ASP Exam - Domain 2 (Safety Management Systems) questions with correct answers
ANSI recommends the lighting level for corridors in industrial facilities should have a minimum of _____ foot-candles CORRECT ANSWER The minimum they recommend for corridors in industrial facilities is 20 foot-candles. The Illuminating
Engineering Society (IES) publishes a Lighting Handbook which recommends higher illumination levels to maximize productivity.
What is privity? CORRECT ANSWER - a relation between two parties that is recognized by law, such as that of blood, lease, or service.
- No longer required in negligence cases. Today, a manufacturer that places a product on the market becomes a party through implied warranty.
Describe risk control, risk reduction, risk acceptance, risk transfer CORRECT ANSWER Risk Control: actively reduce risk to an acceptable level, reduce the likelihood (occasionally the consequence) of a risk to as low as possible
· Using proven technologies and processes to mitigate the risk
· Modeling and simulation and/or Mock-ups Risk Avoidance: reduces or eliminates the risk event or condition by taking an alternate path, eliminates the source of the risk and replaces it with another solution
· Changing operating procedures · Use a low-risk mature technology; those with proven track records · Extend the schedule to increase the probability of success
· Reducing scope of performance objectives Risk Acceptance Risk Transfer: Use Firm-fixed price contracts (contractor assumes max cost risk and full responsibility for all costs and resulting profit/loss); minimum admin burden on government
What is caveat emptor? CORRECT ANSWER "Let the buyer beware" - used in English common law that put the buyer at fault
What are the 5 elements of the Incident Command System? CORRECT ANSWER Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Administration/Finance.
What are the 5 main steps of hazard/risk management process? CORRECT ANSWER Hazard/risk identification
Hazard/risk assessment Development of controls and decision making - eliminate/reduce risks, including FINANCIAL
Implementation
Supervision and evaluation - administering the process
What is the most critical step in any safety program evaluation? CORRECT ANSWER - Evaluation protocol checklist
- Determines the areas to be examined, the level of detail, in general, the questions to be asked
What are the 2 main objectives of risk management process? CORRECT ANSWER Pre-loss: Reducing fear and worry about potential losses; regulatory compliance; obtaining insurance; maintaining social responsibilities; minimizing expenditures consistent with post-loss goals Post-loss: Keep enough earnings for continued operations, find ways to expand growth - product development, acquisitions/mergers, taking care of employees, keep human/material resources available
Describe the risk assessment concept CORRECT ANSWER Risk Assessment --> Risk Determination (risk identification, risk estimation) + Risk Evaluation (risk aversion [how well risk can be reduced/avoided] and risk acceptance)
What is the National Academy of Science's 4 steps in identifying chemical risk assessment? CORRECT ANSWER 1. Hazard identification
2. Dose-response assessment
3. Risk characterization
4. Exposure assessment What circumstances are most prone to severe injuries? CORRECT ANSWER Non-routine, non-production, high energy, construction
What is the definition of single point of failure? CORRECT ANSWER Single item
of hardware, the failure of which would lead directly to loss of life, vehicle or mission.
What percentage of accidents in aviation, shipping, and the process industry are attributed to human error? CORRECT ANSWER 60-70%
What are the basic processes to systematically identify hazards? CORRECT ANSWER 1. Identify specific work areas
2. Review historical data/documents involved in operations to determine prior injuries and accidents occurred
3. Conduct onsite, visual inspection
4. Determine individual job tasks involved and break them into steps
5. Analyze each job task and identify potential hazards
What are some ways that hazards can be identified? CORRECT ANSWER Experience, historical data (frequency and severity data), intuitive analysis, judgment, standards, brainstorming, systematic techniques (e.g., fault-tree analysis)
What is the goal in risk identification? CORRECT ANSWER Reduce uncertainty in describing factors that contribute to accidents, injuries, illnesses, deaths
Why is safety inspection ineffective in uncovering the causes of most accidents? CORRECT ANSWER Inspections only look at hazardous conditions, not individual task procedures
ANSI recommends the lighting level for corridors in industrial facilities should have a minimum of _____ foot-candles CORRECT ANSWER The minimum they recommend for corridors in industrial facilities is 20 foot-candles. The Illuminating
Engineering Society (IES) publishes a Lighting Handbook which recommends higher illumination levels to maximize productivity.
What is privity? CORRECT ANSWER - a relation between two parties that is recognized by law, such as that of blood, lease, or service.
- No longer required in negligence cases. Today, a manufacturer that places a product on the market becomes a party through implied warranty.
Describe risk control, risk reduction, risk acceptance, risk transfer CORRECT ANSWER Risk Control: actively reduce risk to an acceptable level, reduce the likelihood (occasionally the consequence) of a risk to as low as possible
· Using proven technologies and processes to mitigate the risk
· Modeling and simulation and/or Mock-ups Risk Avoidance: reduces or eliminates the risk event or condition by taking an alternate path, eliminates the source of the risk and replaces it with another solution
· Changing operating procedures · Use a low-risk mature technology; those with proven track records · Extend the schedule to increase the probability of success
· Reducing scope of performance objectives Risk Acceptance Risk Transfer: Use Firm-fixed price contracts (contractor assumes max cost risk and full responsibility for all costs and resulting profit/loss); minimum admin burden on government
What is caveat emptor? CORRECT ANSWER "Let the buyer beware" - used in English common law that put the buyer at fault
What are the 5 elements of the Incident Command System? CORRECT ANSWER Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Administration/Finance.
What are the 5 main steps of hazard/risk management process? CORRECT ANSWER Hazard/risk identification
Hazard/risk assessment Development of controls and decision making - eliminate/reduce risks, including FINANCIAL
Implementation
Supervision and evaluation - administering the process
What is the most critical step in any safety program evaluation? CORRECT ANSWER - Evaluation protocol checklist
- Determines the areas to be examined, the level of detail, in general, the questions to be asked
What are the 2 main objectives of risk management process? CORRECT ANSWER Pre-loss: Reducing fear and worry about potential losses; regulatory compliance; obtaining insurance; maintaining social responsibilities; minimizing expenditures consistent with post-loss goals Post-loss: Keep enough earnings for continued operations, find ways to expand growth - product development, acquisitions/mergers, taking care of employees, keep human/material resources available
Describe the risk assessment concept CORRECT ANSWER Risk Assessment --> Risk Determination (risk identification, risk estimation) + Risk Evaluation (risk aversion [how well risk can be reduced/avoided] and risk acceptance)
What is the National Academy of Science's 4 steps in identifying chemical risk assessment? CORRECT ANSWER 1. Hazard identification
2. Dose-response assessment
3. Risk characterization
4. Exposure assessment What circumstances are most prone to severe injuries? CORRECT ANSWER Non-routine, non-production, high energy, construction
What is the definition of single point of failure? CORRECT ANSWER Single item
of hardware, the failure of which would lead directly to loss of life, vehicle or mission.
What percentage of accidents in aviation, shipping, and the process industry are attributed to human error? CORRECT ANSWER 60-70%
What are the basic processes to systematically identify hazards? CORRECT ANSWER 1. Identify specific work areas
2. Review historical data/documents involved in operations to determine prior injuries and accidents occurred
3. Conduct onsite, visual inspection
4. Determine individual job tasks involved and break them into steps
5. Analyze each job task and identify potential hazards
What are some ways that hazards can be identified? CORRECT ANSWER Experience, historical data (frequency and severity data), intuitive analysis, judgment, standards, brainstorming, systematic techniques (e.g., fault-tree analysis)
What is the goal in risk identification? CORRECT ANSWER Reduce uncertainty in describing factors that contribute to accidents, injuries, illnesses, deaths
Why is safety inspection ineffective in uncovering the causes of most accidents? CORRECT ANSWER Inspections only look at hazardous conditions, not individual task procedures
