WGU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

WGU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Which types of tissue most often develop tumors? - CORRECT ANSWER-Epithelial and connective tissues Papilloma - CORRECT ANSWER-A wart Lipoma - CORRECT ANSWER-Begins in fatty tissue Myoma - CORRECT ANSWER-Fibroid Chondroma - CORRECT ANSWER-Benign tumor of cartilage cells What are sarcomas? - CORRECT ANSWER-They are tumors that can be found anywhere and begin in connective tissue What are the early signs of lymphoma - CORRECT ANSWER-Fevers and night sweats What is radiation therapy - CORRECT ANSWER-When seeds are implanted into a malignant prostate and then irradiated, this is called radiation therapy. This is used to reduce damage to healthy tissue What is a vesicle? - CORRECT ANSWER-Small fluid filled elevation of skin (e.g. blister) What is a pustule? - CORRECT ANSWER-elevation of the skin containing white blood cells and cell debris What is a macule? - CORRECT ANSWER-A spot that is not raised or depressed. (such as a freckle) What is a papule? - CORRECT ANSWER-A firm raised area of the skin (such as a pimple) What is an excoriation? - CORRECT ANSWER-scratch in the skin Laceration - CORRECT ANSWER-Rough jagged wound Fissure - CORRECT ANSWER-Crack in the skin Ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER-Sore with disintegration and death of affected tissue Superficial burn - CORRECT ANSWER-involves the epidermal layer of the skin Superficial partial thickness burn - CORRECT ANSWER-appears with blisters and pain at the burn site What are shingles and how are they treated - CORRECT ANSWER-Shingles are painful vesicular lesions caused by varicella. The normal treatment is antiviral medications and costicosteroids to decrease pain. What is Tissue destruction involving only the epidermal layer of the skin - CORRECT ANSWER-superficial. What are two signs of allergic skin reactions - CORRECT ANSWER-Pruritus (itching) and urticarial (hives) What are three autoimmune diseases involving the skin? - CORRECT ANSWERPemphigus, scleroderma and lupus erythematosus are all autoimmuse diseases involving the skin. Damage to what can disturb equilibrium? - CORRECT ANSWER-Semicircular canals in the ear How can otitis media be prevented? - CORRECT ANSWER-By placing a myingotomy tube in the ear What results in progressive hearing loss? - CORRECT ANSWER-Presbycusis What can alleviate age-related hearing loss? - CORRECT ANSWER-Speaking in clear, low-pitched tones What are treatment of joint disorders - CORRECT ANSWER-FALK (fixation of screws, arthrocentesis, laproscopic repairs, kyoplasty) (GROS) Gout (type of arthritis) - CORRECT ANSWER-higher levels of uric acid form crystals that accumulate in the joints, causing pain and inflammation. Septic arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER-May result from an invasive procedure; invading organisms are usually carried to the joint by the blood stream. Osteoarthritis - CORRECT ANSWER-most often in weight-bearing joints, like hips and knees; may be the results of aging and repeated trauma. Rheumatoid arthritis - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation and overgrowth of synovial fluid causes severe pain; joints stiffen and become useless. What is mysathenia gravis? - CORRECT ANSWER-chronic muscular fatigue caused by defect at the neuromuscular junction. How is GERD treated? - CORRECT ANSWER-Antacids and using medication that decreases the production of HCL What characterizes chronic pancreatitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe pain and blood test shows elevated serum amylase. Pancreatitis impacts the digestive process by leading to enzyme imbalances How do you test for viral hepatitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Testing blood serology What is required for blood clotting? - CORRECT ANSWER-Vitamin K What type of reaction would arise if a RH negative patient experiences a second exposure to RH positive blood? - CORRECT ANSWER-An Antigen-antibody reaction could arise if a Rh negative patient experiences a second exposure to Rh positive blood What are blood diseases - CORRECT ANSWER-(HALT) Hemophilia (bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of a clotting factor), Aplastic anemia (bone mare failure decreased red cell production), Leukemia (increase in WBC), Thalassemia (hereditary disorders causing impaired hemglobin synthesis) What are three recommendations for the treatment of hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWER-• Diet modification • Prescribed diuretics • Exercise on a regular basis What does H. pylori cause? - CORRECT ANSWER-Gastrointestinal disorder called peptic ulcer What is shock - CORRECT ANSWER-Confusion, anxiety, hypertension What is atrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-Decrease in the size of a muscle due to disuese Strain - CORRECT ANSWER-tearing or overstretching of a tendon or a muscle. Sprain - CORRECT ANSWER-tearing or stretching of a ligament surrounding a joint that usually follows a sharp twist. What is muscular dystrophy - CORRECT ANSWER-Deterioration of muscles that have intact nerve function What are strong, painful muscle contractions - CORRECT ANSWER-cramps How do you describe shoulder joint dislocation - CORRECT ANSWER-Acuetly painful in the arm and chest area and often results in the arm being longer than the mate What might cause abdominal pain and elevated bilirubin? - CORRECT ANSWERInflammation of the gallbladder Amylase - CORRECT ANSWER-Enzyme in saliva that breaks the chemical bonds in starches Lipase - CORRECT ANSWER-pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats Trypsin - CORRECT ANSWER-an enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine Nucleases - CORRECT ANSWER-Enzymes that break down nucleic acids How can hepatitis be diagnosed - CORRECT ANSWER-serology and serum chemistry are used for diagnosis What are two signs of hepatitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Jaundice and loss of appetite are two signs of hepatitis What two diseases may require blood trasnfusions - CORRECT ANSWER-Leukemia and pernicious anemia If a mothers RH is negative and fathers RH is positive then what may result - CORRECT ANSWER-RH incompatibility What directly impairs the delivery of oxygen to body tissues - CORRECT ANSWER-Is an effect of anemia What inhibits coagulation of the blood - CORRECT ANSWER-Vitamin K deficiency What are characterized by pain and swelling, warmth and redness around the site or location and is typically diagnosed by an ultrasound or MRI. - CORRECT ANSWERThrombosis or blood clots What do calcium-channel blockers do? - CORRECT ANSWER-help to control hypertension by inhibiting calcium ions from entering cardiac muscle cells. How are epidemics defined - CORRECT ANSWER-Epidemics are defined by age, gender, heredity, living conditions, social habits and preexisting illnesses. What are treatments for frequent otitis media and chronic sore throat? - CORRECT ANSWER-Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy What are three pathological responses of the lymphatic system - CORRECT ANSWERelephantiasis, splenomegaly, and infectious mononucleosi