Chemistry Final Exam questions and answers well illustrated.

Chemistry Final Exam questions and answers well illustrated. Chemistry - correct answers.Science that deals with the structure and properties of substances and with the changes that they go through; how things are built and how we change them Inorganic chemistry - correct answers.Chemistry of everything non-carbon containing Organic chemistry - correct answers.Chemistry of carbon-containing compounds Biochemistry - correct answers.Chemistry of living organisms Physical Chemistry - correct answers.Study of physics applied to chemistry Analytical Chemistry - correct answers.Study of the analysis techniques to examine properties Scientific method - correct answers.Observation > hypothesis/properties > perform experience, make observations Matter - correct answers.Everything that occupies space and has mass Solid - correct answers.One of the phases of matter; has a fixed shape and volume Liquid - correct answers.One of the phases of matter; takes shape of container, fixed volume Gas - correct answers.One of the phases of matter; expands to fill container Mixture - correct answers.Homogeneous vs heterogeneous Homogeneous mixture - water and salt Heterogeneous - water and oil Proton - correct answers.In the nucleus; +1 charge; tells us what the element is Neutrons - correct answers.In the nucleus; no charge Electrons - correct answers.In electron cloud; -1 charge; # of electrons determines charge of the atom Isotope - correct answers.Different atomic mass, same element; a radioactive form of an element Atomic number - correct answers.The number of protons in each element Atomic mass - correct answers.Average of all the isotopes together to get its mass Base - correct answers.Proton acceptor; electron donor Acids - correct n donor; electron acceptor Noble gases - correct answers.Part 1 of the periodic group - Group 18 Carries the octet rule Valance electrons Halogens - correct answers.Group 17 Highly reactive; consists of gases, liquids, and solids Akali metals - correct answers.Highly reactive, all solids but these solids are soft and malleable; highly reactive because they want to lose an electron Metals - correct answers.Part of the "p group"; solid, malleable, conductive of electricity Metalloids - correct answers.Steps between metals and nonmetals; have properties of both Transition metals - correct answers.Groups 3-12; d-block; metals with some similarities Lanthanides - correct answers.The f-block; named after the first element of the group difficult to separate Actinides - correct answers.Most are man-made; e.g., uranium and plutonium Tetrahedron - correct answers.Geometric shape - carbon takes on the tetrahendron geometry; All four bonds get as far away as possible; forms strong bonds with other carbon atoms Griphite/graphene - correct answers.Graphene properties: strong, but light; conductive; thin; 2D; stretchable Graphite: most common; sheets of 2D carbon layers; very different from diamond; benzene carbon chains Buckyballs - correct answers.Created by Buckminster Fuller; soccer ball shape that's incredibly strong; EPCOT center is built in this way Benzene - correct answers.Aromatic; double bonds makes the ring more stable -- shares electrons better Greenhouse gas - correct answers.CO2 carbon dioxide -Most of CO2 comes from burning coal or natural gas -Methane has increased in past ten years due to cattle Light spectra - correct answers.-Each element has a distinct light spectrum -Fantastic for studying the stars and sun -Began with visible light, but can now study in the IR and UV region Manhattan Project - correct answers.Einstein and Fermi wrote to Roosevelt about atomic weapons to jump start the project - 1942- first chain reaction under football field and UChicago Itai-itai - correct answers.Mass cadmium poisoning in Japan; "it hurts, it hurts" Poisoners Corridor - correct answers.Thallium, Polonium, Radon Chirality - correct answers. Florescence - correct answers. I.G. Farben - correct answers.Formed after WWI; Chemical monopoly in Germany; Aligned with Nazi Party; 3 Nobel Prizes; specialized in antibiotics, rubbers, and plastics Parker 51 - correct answers.The greatest pen ever made; the ink absorbed into the paper, perfect balance, had an osmium pen tip but then was changed to ruthemium-iridium tip instead for cost purposes Locoweed - correct answers.Caused madness in livestock; neurological damage; signs appear 2-3 weeks after exposure; symptoms include: depression, weakness, loss of direction, anorexia Megalodon - correct answers.Prehistoric shark; got all the info about it from its teeth Coelacanth - correct answers.Deep-sea fish thought to have gone extinct 80 millions years ago 1938: S. African fish market has some -Some scientists found a link between this fish and land animals, like hinged jaws and lobed fins Cold Fusion - correct answers.Nuclear reaction at room temperature; fusing nuclei together without the need for high temperatures; releases massive amounts of energy Superconductors - correct answers.A substance that is able to do this at normal (or higher) temperatures - No resistance to low temperatures Uses: magnetic levitation, MRIs, Large Hadron collider Rontgen Rays - correct answers.William Rontgen used the Crooke's tube to create the first x-ray of bone in a person (his wife, Anna)