NCIDQ Reference Manual- IDFX Chapter 1 Already Passed

NCIDQ Reference Manual- IDFX Chapter 1 Already Passed Design theory Way to direct design based on a system of beliefs or philsophy Evidence based design Basing design decisions on credible research that links one or more environmental elements with a desired outcome Gestalt Psychology Holds the humans innately perceive things as a whole so that what is perceived is complete and comprehensible Gestalt psychology in interior design Suggest that individual elements cannot be placed or designed as single entities but must be seen as a larger environment and that people will bring to the setting their own ideas about what things are grouping Humans perceive separate units in the visual field as a group Closure (Form Constancy) Tendency to perceive incomplete forms as complete Continuity Tendency to see a line or shape as continuing in a particular direction rather than making a sharp turn Simplicity States that people prefer the simplest most stable organization of forms or the overall structure of elements in the visual field rather than complex individual parts figure-ground The way people distinguish a form from its surroundings negative space Ground around an object shape constancy People perceive objects as having their original shape regardless of a change in orientation of the object or the point of view of the observer perceptual constancy A person perceives an object or a space as essentially the same regardless of the exact image on the retina of the eye size constancy People tend to perceive an object as having the same size regardless of the changes in viewing distance to the object lightness constancy People perceive the lightness or darkness of an object as the same regardless of the elimination of the size in which the object is viewed color constancy People perceive the color of an object has the same regardless of the lighting conditions under which the object is viewed binocular disparity The difference in what each eye sees Binocular disparity distance Binocular disparity is most prevalent at distances under about 10 feet Interposition A distant object may appear to be overlapped or partly hidden by a closer object linear perspective Parallel lines will appear to recede toward a single point in the distance atmospheric perspective Because there are small particles in the air more distant objects appear to be hazy and may even change color. For Interiors, this effect is seldom of any consequence Texture Perspective The density of a texture seems to increase as the distance from the viewer increases. The texture may be fine grain, as on a fabric, or of a larger scale, such as ceiling or floor tiles Size clues When two objects are the same size, the more distant one will make a smaller image on the retina than the closer one Relative closeness of objects to the horizon line For objects below the horizon line (on the ground), the closer objects are to the horizon line, the farther away they are. For objects above the horizon line (in the sky or above the observer), more distant objects are lower in the visual field than close objects. Cue Inconsistency Occurs because there are conflicting visual cues Social influences on design Political conditions, economic conditions, cultural attitudes, symbolism and regionalism Political Conditions Prevailing political attitudes and policies may affect design thinking Economic Conditions The state of the economy is often reflected in architecture and interior design cultural attitudes The prevailing cultural views of the family, shared values, religion, fashion, leisure pursuits, sports, and the like may influence a design response Regionalism Design that reflects the local geographic area Maslow's hierarchy of needs One of the basic theories of human motivation Two groups of variety of needs Deficiency needs and growth needs physiological needs Need for food water and minimal bodily comforts safety needs The need for protection and the avoidance of personal harm belonging and love needs A person strives for membership in a group, acceptance, and love self-esteem The need to achieve, be competent, and gain approval and recognition by others self-actualization Developing to one's fullest potential as a human being, feeling in appreciation of life, and demonstrating the ability to have peak experiences self-transcendence need to help others find self fulfillment and connect to something beyond the ego Behavior Setting Particular place with definable boundaries and objects in which a standing pattern of behavior occurs at a particular time Territoriality Fundamental aspect of human behavior and refers to peoples need to lay claim to the spaces they occupy and the things they own Proxemics Created by Edward T. Hall to describe the interrelated observations and theories about how people use space as a specialize elaboration of culture What does proxemics deal with? It deals with the issues of spacing between people, territoriality, organization of space, and positioning of people in a space, all relative to the culture of which they are a part of intimate distance This ranges from physical contact to about 6 inches for the close phase to 18 inches for the far phase personal distance From about 18 inches to 30 inches for the close phase and from 30 inches to 48 inches for the far phase social distance Ranging from about 4 feet to 7 feet for the close phase and from 7 feet to 12 feet for the far phase What distance is it not to be considered rude to ignore other people nearby? Add about 10 feet public distance Farthest, ranging from about 12 feet outward What is one of the most common ways to facilitate group interaction? Seating arrangement Intimate position Seating arrangement for two people who will sit across the corner of the table or next to each other on a sofa competition position People will sit across from one another in a seating arrangement Avoidance position Seating arrangement where social contact is not desired