ATI Pharmacology 2019 B REVISED Exam Question and Answers.

ATI Pharmacology 2019 B REVISED Exam Question and Answers. ) A nurse is planning care for a pt who is receiving Mannitol via continuous IV infusion. The nurse should monitor the pt for which of the following adverse effects. -Weight loss Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic used to promote diuresis, decrease intracranial pressure, and improve renal function. An expected therapeutic effect of mannitol is weight loss resulting from diuresis. -Increased intraocular pressure An indication for the use of mannitol is increased intraocular pressure. Mannitol decreases the intraocular pressure by creating an osmotic gradient between the intraocular fluid and the plasma. -Auditory hallucinations Mannitol has several neurologic adverse effects, including increased intracranial pressure, seizures, confusion, and headaches. However, it does not cause auditory hallucinations. -Bibasilar crackles = CORRECT ANSWER Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, can precipitate heart failure and pulmonary edema. Therefore, the nurse should recognize lung crackles as an indicator of a potential complication and stop the infusion. 2) A nurse is planning to teach about inhalant medications to a pt who has a new diagnosis of exercise induced asthma. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to instruct the pt to use prior to physical activity? -Cromolyn = CORRECT ANSWER Cromolyn sodium stabilizes mast cells, which inhibit the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. The client should use cromolyn 10 to 15 min before planning to exercise to prevent bronchospasms. -Beclomethasone Beclomethasone is a prophylactic glucocorticoid inhalant medication that suppresses the inflammatory and humoral immune responses. Beclomethasone should be administered with a fixed schedule, not for PRN use before physical exercise. -Budesonide Budesonide is a glucocorticoid medication used to treat asthma as a long-term inhaled agent. This medication is administered by inhalation twice daily, not prior to physical activity. -Tiotropium Tiotropium is an anticholinergic medication that decreases mucus production and produces bronchodilation. Tiotropium is used for maintenance therapy of bronchospasms and has a duration of 24 hr. 3) A nurse is caring for a pt who has acute acetaminophen toxicity. The nurse should anticipate administering which of the following medications? -Vitamin K Vitamin K is used to treat increased warfarin serum levels, indicated by elevated levels of PT/INR. -Acetylcysteine= CORRECT ANSWER Acetylcysteine is a specific antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. It can prevent severe injury when given orally or by IV infusion within 8 to 10 hr. -Benztropine Benztropine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat adverse effects of Parkinson's disease by reducing rigidity and tremors. -Physostigmine Physostigmine is an effective antidote for antimuscarinic poisoning from medications such as atropine, scopolamine, some antihistamines, phenothiazines, and tricyclic antidepressants. It has no effect on acetaminophen toxicity. 4) A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving Epoetin alfa to treat anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor? -Paresthesia Epoetin alfa stimulates the bone marrow to increase production of red blood cells. Adverse effects include neurological manifestations such as seizures, headache, and dizziness. However, epoetin alfa does not cause paresthesia. -Increased blood pressure = CORRECT ANSWER The therapeutic effect of epoetin alfa is an increase in hematocrit levels, which can result in an increase in a client's blood pressure. If the client's hematocrit level rises too rapidly, hypertension and seizures can result. The nurse should monitor the client's blood pressure and ensure hypertension is controlled prior to administering the medication. -Fever Adverse effects of epoetin alfa include neurological manifestations such as coldness and sweating. However, it does not cause fever. -Respiratory depression Heart failure is an adverse effect of epoetin alfa. The nurse should monitor the client's respiratory status and notify the provider if the client develops crackles or rhonchi. However, epoetin alfa does not cause respiratory depression. 5) A nurse is teaching a pt who is to start taking Hydrocodone with Acetaminophen tablets for pain. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? -The medication should be taken 1 hr prior to eating. The client should take hydrocodone and acetaminophen with food or milk to decrease gastric irritation. -It takes 48 hr for therapeutic effects to occur. The nurse should instruct the client that they should experience the effects of hydrocodone with acetaminophen within 20 min of administration and that pain relief should last for 4 to 6 hr. -Tablets should not be crushed or chewed. The client should avoid crushing, chewing, or breaking the extended release or immediate release hydrocodone tablets to prevent an immediate increase in CNS effects. Hydrocodone with acetaminophen tablets can be crushed if needed. -Decreased respirations might occur.= CORRECT ANSWER The nurse should instruct the client that hydrocodone with acetaminophen might cause respiratory depression, which is an adverse effect of the medication. The client should avoid taking over-the-counter medications or newly prescribed medications without consulting their provider to avoid increased respiratory depression. 6) A nurse is caring for a pt who is experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal. For which of the following pt outcomes should the nurse administer Chlordiazepoxide? -Minimize diaphoresis The client should take clonidine or a beta-adrenergic blocker, such as atenolol, to minimize autonomic components, such as diaphoresis, during alcohol withdrawal. -Maintain abstinence The client should take acamprosate to help maintain abstinence from alcohol by decreasing anxiety and other uncomfortable manifestations. -Lessen craving The client should take propranolol to decrease cravings during alcohol withdrawal. -Prevent delirium tremens = CORRECT ANSWER The client should take chlordiazepoxide to prevent delirium tremens during acute alcohol withdrawal.