Systems Analysis and Design Chapter 4 questions and answers.

requirements modeling modeling that is used in the systems planning phase of the SDLC. It involves fact finding to describe the current system and identify the requirements for the new system. Introduces various fact-finding techniques such as interviews, surveys, observation and sampling. outputs electronic or printed information produced by an information system. inputs necessary data that enters a system, either manually or in an automated manner processes the logical rules that are applied to transform the data into meaningful information performance system characteristics such as speed, volume, capacity, availability, and reliability security hardware, software, and procedural controls that safeguard and protect a system and its data from internal or external threats. system requirements document or software requirements specification that contains the requirements for the new system, describes the alternatives thatwere considered and makes a specific recommendation to management. joint application development (JAD) uses a cross-matrixed task group of users, managers, and IT professionals that work together to gather information, discuss business needs, and define the new system requirements. rapid application development (RAD) speeds up information systems development and produces a functioning information system, similar in concept to JAD, but goes further by including all phases of the system development life cycle (SDLC) agile methods methods that attempt to develop a system incrementally by building a series of prototypes and constantly adjusting them to user requirements. requirements planning phase phase that combines elements of the systems planning and systems analysis phases of the SDLC. user design phase in this phase users interact with systems analysts and develop models and prototypes that represent all system processes, outputs, and inputs construction a phase that focuses on a program and application development tasks similar to the SDLC. cutover phase phase that resembles the final tasks in the SDLC implementation phase, including data conversion, testing, changeover to the new system, and user training. scrum a popular process with agile developers. refers to the powerful effort to achieve short-term goals, derived from a rugy term. In ___ team members play specific roles and interact in intense sessions. functional decomposition diagram (DFD) a top-down representation of business functions and processes. Also called a structure chart. busines process model (BPM) a graphical representation of one or more business processes business process modeling notation (BPMN) standard set of shapes and symbols used to represent events, processes, and workflows in computer-based modeling tools. pool in business process modeling notation, the overall diagram swim lanes in a business process diagram, the designated customer areas. data flow diagrams (DFD) diagram that shows how the system stores, processes, and transforms data into useful information. unified modeling language (UML) a widely used method of visualizing and documenting software systems design. Uses object-oriented design concepts, but is independent of any specific programming language and can be used to describe business processes and requirements generally. use case diagram a visual representation that represents the interaction between users and the information system in UML. actor an external entity with a specific role. ____s used to model interaction with the system. sequence diagram diagram that shows timing of transactions between objects as they occur. systems requirement a characteristic or feature that must be included in an information system to satisfy business requirements to be acceptable to users. scalability means that a system can be expanded, modified, or downsized easily to meet the rapidly changing needs of a business enterprise. total cost of ownership (TCO) number used in assessing costs, which includes ongoing support and maintenance costs, as well as acquisition costs. rapid economic justification (REJ) a method for measuring total costs and benefits developed by Microsoft and used to analyze and optimize IT investments. Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architecture a model that asks the traditional fact-finding questions in a systems development context. interview a planned meeting during which information is obtained from another person. informal structure usually based on interpersonal relationships and can develop from previous work assignments, physical proximity, unofficial procedures, or personal relationships. leading questions questions that suggest or favor a particular reply. open-ended questions questions that allow for a range of answers. They encourage spontaneous and constructed responses, and are useful in understanding a larger process. closed-ended questions questions that limit or restrict the range of responses. Used in interview process when specific information or fact verification is required. range-of-response questions closed-ended questions that asks the person to evaluate something by providing limited answers to specific responses or on a numeric scale. engaged listening the ability to really concentrate on what someone is saying, and avoid the temptation to hear what is expected. Also includes noticing non-verbal communication. document review a review of baseline documentation. A useful fact-finding technique that helps an analyst understand how the current system is supposed to work.