Bio 101 Module 7 (Q&A A+ Graded 100% Verified)

Bio 101 Module 7 (Q&A A+ Graded 100% Verified) The approximate age of the earth is ________ years. ANS: 4.5 The first fossils date to about ANS: 3.7 mya The first living organisms were ANS: prokaryotes The primitive earth lacked _______ in the atmosphere. ANS: oxygen The Cambrian explosion refers to ANS: the sudden appearance of animals In the age of the dinosaurs it was ________ today. ANS: warmer than Then last ice age ended about _________ years ago. ANS: 10,000 Which of the following statements about continental drift is NOT true? ANS: North and South America have always been connected. The first thing that was needed on the primitive earth for life to begin was ANS: organic molecules Which of the following has been produced in the laboratory? ANS: Organic molecules from inorganic molecules What was important in allowing living things to invade the land? ANS: the ozone layer Of vertebrates, which of the following was the first group to appear that was at least partially land-based? ANS: amphibians Of plants, which was the first to evolve? ANS: mosses What things do viruses lack that living things have? ANS: metabolism, cells, can't reproduce without a host cell What are the 2 general modes by which viruses reproduce? ANS: lytic cycle: enter cell, completely take over; lysogenic cycle: enter cell, insert its DNA into host DNA Why is it difficult to make a vaccine against the common cold? ANS: common cold virus mutates too quickly, once you have a vaccine for one version it changes into a new version What feature do viruses have in common with living organisms? ANS: they have genetic information (DNA or RNA) Name a virus that can go dormant and then become active again. ANS: chickenpox can be dormant for years and come back later as shingles; herpes can be dormant then become active again Worldwide, most new HIV infections come from __________ sex? ANS: heterosexual From what organism did HIV get into the human population? ANS: chimps If you have a cold is there some medicine the doctor can give you that will kill the virus? ANS: No, we have no medicines that kill viruses. Viral infections can be prevented by vaccination where the body is injected with something similar to the virus and the body's immune system is then ready if the real virus comes along Can a person be infected with HIV and still test negative? ANS: yes What cells in the body are targeted by HIV? ANS: cells in the immune system What medical condition increases the chances of transmitting HIV during intercourse with an infected partner? ANS: having some other STD (sexually transmitted disease) Name 3 ways of transmitting HIV other than intercourse. ANS: sharing IV needles, transfusions, in utero, breast feeding, coming in contact with blood of an infected individual In bacteria, conjugation is a ANS: form of sexual reproduction What cell features are different between a bacterial cell and a eukaryote cell? ANS: a bacterial cell has: no nucleus, no organelles Name 3 human bacterial infections. ANS: strep, TB, tooth decay, staph, bacterial pneumonia, typhus, syphilis and many others Why does penicillin kill bacterial cells but not our cells? ANS: Penicillin prevents bacteria from making the cell wall that bacteria have around them; our cells don't have a cell wall so it doesn't affect us Name 3 beneficial types of bacteria. ANS: decomposers, nitrogen fixers, yogurt, cheese, gut bacteria and many others What structure allows some bacterial cells to move? ANS: flagellum Anaerobic bacteria can live without _____ ANS: oxygen Another name for blue-green algae is ANS: cyanobacteria Which of the following statements is NOT true of protists? ANS: Most are multicellular. What feature or combination of features characterizes the animal-like protists? ANS: mobile heterotrophs Amoebas move by ANS: pseudopodia What is the one feature that ALL plant-like protists have in common? ANS: they can photosynthesize The contractile vacuole of the Paramecium is used for ANS: getting rid of excess water Which of the following diseases is caused by animal-like protists? ANS: malaria Fungus-like protists are like fungi in that they ANS: feed by absorption How do fungi differ from animals in how they get food? ANS: animals ingest food and then digest it internally; fungi secrete digestive enzyme externally and then absorb the nutrients The cell walls of fungi are made from the same material found in ANS: insect exoskeletons The basic anatomical unit upon which a fungus is built is called a ANS: hypha Mycorrhizae are fungi associated with ANS: plant roots When 2 hyphae come together we have ANS: a dikaryotic cell When a fungal spore hits the ground a ______ is the first thing formed. ANS: hypha A mass of hyphal cells is called a ANS: mycelium Name 2 human diseases caused by fungi. ANS: athlete's foot, yeast infection, ringworm Name 1 plant disease caused by fungi. ANS: potato blight, Dutch elm disease, chestnut blight What combination of features characterizes the fungi? ANS: multicellular, heterotrophs, not mobile What is the role of the structure we call a mushroom? ANS: making spores A lichen is a combination of a fungus with what type of organism? ANS: one that can photosynthesize such as green algae or cyanobacteria The main difference between most of the divisions of fungi has to do with ANS: what the structure that makes spores looks like Of the 4 divisions of fungi, the one that has what we call a mushroom. ANS: club fungi Of the 4 divisions of fungi, the one with black bread mold. ANS: zygomycetes Of the 4 divisions of fungi, the one that has morels and truffles. ANS: sac fungi What fungal division do molds belong to? ANS: they can belong to any division; a mold is just a rapidly growing fungus lifestyle What are some beneficial fungi? ANS: penicillin, cheese, mycorrhizae, yeasts for bread and beer and wine Which of the following is a non-vascular plant? ANS: mosses Which of the following is the main source of coal? ANS: vascular seedless plants In which of the following is the gametophyte dominant? ANS: mosses In the alternation of generations, what does a gametophyte produce? ANS: gametes The ancestors of land plants were _______ algae. ANS: green Mosses cannot grow very tall because ANS: they are non-vascular In ferns the sori produce ANS: spores Ferns must live in moist environments because ANS: male gametes need to swim to the egg In the seed plants the gametophyte ANS: is inside sporophyte tissue The term "naked seeds" refers to ANS: gymnosperms Angiosperms with leaves that have parallel veins and flower parts in multiples of 3 are called ANS: monocots Do pines have separate male and female cones? ANS: yes Pollen of gymnosperms is moved by ______ ; angiosperm pollen is often moved by ______ ANS: wind, animals The stamens and anthers of a flower are ANS: the male parts of the flower When 2