CALT Exam Study Guide 2
closed syllable - Correct answer-A syllable with only one vowel, closed at the end by a
consonant. (A vowel in a closed syllable is short, code it with a breve).
open syllable - Correct answer-A syllable with only one vowel and it is open at the end.
(A vowel in an open accented syllable is long, code it with a macron).
vowel team - Correct answer-A syllable with a vowel digraph. (Underline the digraphs,
arc diphthongs).
Vowel consonant e - Correct answer-A syllable with a vowel, followed by a consonant
with a final e. (Vowel consonant e, the vowel will be long, code it with a macron, the e
will be silent, cross it out).
Final Stable Syllable - Correct answer-A syllable type that comes in the final position of
a word. It has a hint of a vowel sound, and the syllable before it is accented. (Bracket
the Final Stable Syllable, accent the syllable before it).
R Controlled Syllable - Correct answer-A syllable that has a vowel followed by r in which
an unexpected combination is read. (Arc the vowel r combination).
digraph - Correct answer-two adjacent letters in a word that make one sound
combination - Correct answer-Two letters that come together in an unexpected way.
(example: qu, wh, or, ar, ir, ur, er)
diphthong - Correct answer-Two adjacent vowels in the same syllable that glide
together. (Code it with an arc) (example: ow, ou, oi, oy)
trigraph - Correct answer-Three adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound.
(examples: tch, dge, igh)
quadrugraph - Correct answer-Four adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one
sound. (example: eigh)
phoneme - Correct answer-The smallest unit of sound
morpheme - Correct answer-The smallest unit of meaning. The smallest forms or units
of language (base word, root, prefix, suffix, or combining form) that carry meaning.
Alphabetic Principle - Correct answer-The relationship between letters in a left to right
orientation, and phonemes ordered in a specific temporal sequence in a spoken word.
The English language operates on this code of approximately 44 speech sounds and 26
letters. Explicit, systematic, sequential instruction. About 75% of the school population
, will deduce the ____________________________ _____________________ or code.
25% need explicit instruction.
4 (because x has 2 sounds)! - Correct answer-How many phonemes in mix?
3 (because digraph th and digraph ow have one sound each) - Correct answer-How
many phonemes in throw?
When followed by e, i, or y - Correct answer-When does g make the j sound
bwF (voiced) -ed = (d) ex. milled
bwF (unvoiced) -ed = (t) ex. talked
bwF t,d -ed = (ed) ex. suited - Correct answer-What are the sounds made by -ed? Give
the formulas.
science - Correct answer-In which field of study do we typically find words of Greek
origin?
number, color, farm, forest, ocean animals, outer body parts, short common words,
words with gh, wh, consonant -le, short words with k, gn, kn, tw, wr, ch pronounced (ch),
one syllable word with tch, dge, short words with th, floss words, words with double
consonants in the middle, short words with silent letters, short words with unexpected
long vowels (wild old words), words with hard g before e or i, words with ng. - Correct
answer-What are the clues that a common English word is of Anglo-Saxon derivation?
easy to write and easy to read - Correct answer-What is the ultimate goal in handwriting
instruction?
An unaccented vowel sound that sounds like (u) - Correct answer-What does the
"schwa" mark represent in most dictionaries?
Sounds with only one spelling or, ar, i, a, e, oo, oo, n, r, y, h, th, th, v, wh, p, f, m, g, x,
sh, wh, qu, b, d, l - Correct answer-Which sounds are unequivocal
Sounds with more than one spelling (long a, e, i, o, u), (short u) er, au, j, ch, z, s, short
o, ng, ou, ow, k, oi - Correct answer-Which sounds are equivocal?
1SbwF (f)(l)(s)=ff,ll,ss If you have a one syllable base word, and in final position you
hear (f)(l) or (s), then you double the f, l or s. - Correct answer-What is the floss rule?
2+Sbw M(long e) =e-e When you have a 2 or more syllable base word, and you hear a
long e, then you spell that sound with e-e. - Correct answer-When do we spell the
medial (long e) as e-e?
bw+ -C=+
bwF _CC+-V=+
closed syllable - Correct answer-A syllable with only one vowel, closed at the end by a
consonant. (A vowel in a closed syllable is short, code it with a breve).
open syllable - Correct answer-A syllable with only one vowel and it is open at the end.
(A vowel in an open accented syllable is long, code it with a macron).
vowel team - Correct answer-A syllable with a vowel digraph. (Underline the digraphs,
arc diphthongs).
Vowel consonant e - Correct answer-A syllable with a vowel, followed by a consonant
with a final e. (Vowel consonant e, the vowel will be long, code it with a macron, the e
will be silent, cross it out).
Final Stable Syllable - Correct answer-A syllable type that comes in the final position of
a word. It has a hint of a vowel sound, and the syllable before it is accented. (Bracket
the Final Stable Syllable, accent the syllable before it).
R Controlled Syllable - Correct answer-A syllable that has a vowel followed by r in which
an unexpected combination is read. (Arc the vowel r combination).
digraph - Correct answer-two adjacent letters in a word that make one sound
combination - Correct answer-Two letters that come together in an unexpected way.
(example: qu, wh, or, ar, ir, ur, er)
diphthong - Correct answer-Two adjacent vowels in the same syllable that glide
together. (Code it with an arc) (example: ow, ou, oi, oy)
trigraph - Correct answer-Three adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound.
(examples: tch, dge, igh)
quadrugraph - Correct answer-Four adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one
sound. (example: eigh)
phoneme - Correct answer-The smallest unit of sound
morpheme - Correct answer-The smallest unit of meaning. The smallest forms or units
of language (base word, root, prefix, suffix, or combining form) that carry meaning.
Alphabetic Principle - Correct answer-The relationship between letters in a left to right
orientation, and phonemes ordered in a specific temporal sequence in a spoken word.
The English language operates on this code of approximately 44 speech sounds and 26
letters. Explicit, systematic, sequential instruction. About 75% of the school population
, will deduce the ____________________________ _____________________ or code.
25% need explicit instruction.
4 (because x has 2 sounds)! - Correct answer-How many phonemes in mix?
3 (because digraph th and digraph ow have one sound each) - Correct answer-How
many phonemes in throw?
When followed by e, i, or y - Correct answer-When does g make the j sound
bwF (voiced) -ed = (d) ex. milled
bwF (unvoiced) -ed = (t) ex. talked
bwF t,d -ed = (ed) ex. suited - Correct answer-What are the sounds made by -ed? Give
the formulas.
science - Correct answer-In which field of study do we typically find words of Greek
origin?
number, color, farm, forest, ocean animals, outer body parts, short common words,
words with gh, wh, consonant -le, short words with k, gn, kn, tw, wr, ch pronounced (ch),
one syllable word with tch, dge, short words with th, floss words, words with double
consonants in the middle, short words with silent letters, short words with unexpected
long vowels (wild old words), words with hard g before e or i, words with ng. - Correct
answer-What are the clues that a common English word is of Anglo-Saxon derivation?
easy to write and easy to read - Correct answer-What is the ultimate goal in handwriting
instruction?
An unaccented vowel sound that sounds like (u) - Correct answer-What does the
"schwa" mark represent in most dictionaries?
Sounds with only one spelling or, ar, i, a, e, oo, oo, n, r, y, h, th, th, v, wh, p, f, m, g, x,
sh, wh, qu, b, d, l - Correct answer-Which sounds are unequivocal
Sounds with more than one spelling (long a, e, i, o, u), (short u) er, au, j, ch, z, s, short
o, ng, ou, ow, k, oi - Correct answer-Which sounds are equivocal?
1SbwF (f)(l)(s)=ff,ll,ss If you have a one syllable base word, and in final position you
hear (f)(l) or (s), then you double the f, l or s. - Correct answer-What is the floss rule?
2+Sbw M(long e) =e-e When you have a 2 or more syllable base word, and you hear a
long e, then you spell that sound with e-e. - Correct answer-When do we spell the
medial (long e) as e-e?
bw+ -C=+
bwF _CC+-V=+
