BRM exam 2023/22024 CORRECT ANSWER

BRM exam 2023/22024 CORRECT ANSWER abstract level - CORRECT ANSWER-In theory development, the level of knowledge expressing a concept that exists only as an idea or a quality apart from an object. concept (or construct) - CORRECT ANSWER-A generalized idea about a class of objects that has been given a name; an abstraction of reality that is the basic unit for theory development. deductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER-The logical process of deriving a conclusion about a specific instance based on a known general premise or something known to be true. empirical level - CORRECT ANSWER-Level of knowledge that is verifiable by experience or observation. empirical testing - CORRECT ANSWER-Examining a research hypothesis against reality using data. hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER-Formal statement of an unproven proposition that is empirically testable. inductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER-The logical process of establishing a general proposition on the basis of observation of particular facts. ladder of abstraction - CORRECT ANSWER-Organization of concepts in sequence from the most concrete and individual to the most general. latent construct - CORRECT ANSWER-A concept that is not directly observable or measurable, but can be estimated through proxy measures. operationalizing - CORRECT ANSWER-The process of identifying the actual measurement scales to assess the variables of interest. propositions - CORRECT ANSWER-Statements explaining the logical linkage among certain concepts by asserting a universal connection between concepts. scientific method - CORRECT ANSWER-A set of prescribed procedures for establishing and connecting theoretical statements about events, for analyzing empirical evidence, and for predicting events yet unknown; techniques or procedures used to analyze empirical evidence in an attempt to confirm or disprove prior conceptions. theory - CORRECT ANSWER-A formal, logical explanation of some events that includes predictions of how things relate to one another. variables - CORRECT ANSWER-Anything that may assume different numerical values; the empirical assessment of a concept. absolute causality - CORRECT ANSWER-Means the cause is necessary and sufficient to bring about the effect. backward linkage - CORRECT ANSWER-Implies that later steps influence earlier stages of the research process. business opportunity - CORRECT ANSWER-A situation that makes some potential competitive advantage possible. business problem - CORRECT ANSWER-A situation that makes some significant negative consequence more likely. causal inference - CORRECT ANSWER-A conclusion that when one thing happens, another specific thing will follow. causal research - CORRECT ANSWER-Allows causal inferences to be made; seeks to identify cause-and-effect relationships. concomitant variation - CORRECT ANSWER-One of three criteria for causality; occurs when two events "covary," meaning they vary systematically. conditional causality - CORRECT ANSWER-Means that a cause is necessary but not sufficient to bring about an effect. contributory causality - CORRECT ANSWER-Means that a cause need be neither necessary nor sufficient to bring about an effect. data analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-The application of reasoning to understand the data that have been gathered. decision making - CORRECT ANSWER-The process of developing and deciding among alternative ways of resolving a problem or choosing from among alternative opportunities. deliverables - CORRECT ANSWER-The term used often in consulting to describe research objectives to a research client. descriptive research - CORRECT ANSWER-Describes characteristics of objects, people, groups, organizations, or environments; tries to "paint a picture" of a given situation. diagnostic analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Seeks to diagnose reasons for business outcomes and focuses specifically on the beliefs and feelings consumers have about and toward competing products. experiment - CORRECT ANSWER-A carefully controlled study in which the researcher manipulates a proposed cause and observes any corresponding change in the proposed effect. experimental variable - CORRECT ANSWER-Represents the proposed cause and is controlled by the researcher by manipulating it. exploratory research - CORRECT ANSWER-Conducted to clarify ambiguous situations or discover ideas that may be potential business opportunities. focus group - CORRECT ANSWER-A small group discussion about some research topic led by a moderator who guides discussion among the participants. forward linkage - CORRECT ANSWER-Implies that the earlier stages of the research process influence the later stages. literature review - CORRECT ANSWER-A directed search of published works, including periodicals and books, that discusses theory and presents empirical results that are relevant to the topic at hand. manipulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Means that the researcher alters the level of the variable in specific increments. nonspurious association - CORRECT ANSWER-One of three criteria for causality; means any covariation between a cause and an effect is true and not simply due to some other variable. pilot study - CORRECT ANSWER-A small-scale research project that collects data from respondents similar to those to be used in the full study. pretest - CORRECT ANSWER-A small-scale study in which the results are only preliminary and intended only to assist in design of a subsequent study. research design - CORRECT ANSWER-A master plan that specifies the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed information. research objectives - CORRECT ANSWER-The goals to be achieved by conducting research.