NREMT FINAL EMT-BASIC QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

Cardio vascular system - made up of the heart and the blood vessels, circulation of blood into the right atrium to the right ventricle out to the lungs back into the left atrium to the left ventricle out through the body. Cardiac conductive system - electrical impulses and specialized muscles that cause the heart to contract Red and white blood cells, platelets and plasma - blood composition Cardiac compromise - a blanket term that refers to a heart problem with a rapid onset Acute coronary syndrome (acs) - a blanket term used to represent any symptoms related to lack of oxygen (ischemia) in the heart muscle. Angina - rest makes it better, partial blockage in the heart. - Dyspnea - shortness of breath, labored or difficult breathing. Bradycardia - slow heart rate below 60 beats per minute Tachycardia - fast heart rate above 100 peats per minute. - Patient care of cardiac compromise - position of comfort, hypotensive may be better lying down which allows more blood to flow to the brain. If both difficulty breathing and hypertensive than may be hard to find a good position for both. Apply high concentration oxygen with nonrebreather mask. Altered mental status may require opening and maintaining airway. If no ventilating adequately, you will need to ventilate him. Transport immediately if No history of cardiac problems, history of cardiac problems but dos not have nitroglycerin or systolic blood pressure below ming where the patient will be transported. Give the patient or help the patient with nitroglycerin Hypotensive - blood pressure less than 90 Cardiac problems in children - usually have healthy hearts, most are congenital or brought on by breathing problems. Coronary artery disease (cad) - when coronary arteries are blocked or narrowed which reduces the amount of oxygenated blood delivered to the heart. Stress on the heart can cause heart rate to increase which requires more oxygen. Narrowing causes less available oxygen. Atherosclerosis is a build up of fatty deposits known as plaque. Arteriosclerosis is a stiffening due to calcium build up. Hardening of the arteries Atherosclerosis - is a build up fatty deposits known as plaque. Arteriosclerosis - is a stiffening or hardening of the arteries due to calcium build up. Thrombus - clot and debris formed from a blood clot Occlusion - when a thrombus (blod clot of debris) cuts off blood flow or narrows the blood vessel. It is still attached. Embolism - when a occlusion breaks off and moves down the narrowing vessel and causes blockage which cuts off oxygen flow to the tissues. Aneurism - weekened sections in the arterial walls begin to dilate (balloon). Dysrhythmia - a malfunction of the heart's electrical system, irregular or absent heart rhythm. Bradycardia and tachycardia No pulse rhythms - ventricular tachycardia, pulseless electrical activity and asystole. Cardiac arrest - no pulse dude Mechanical malfunctions of the heart - can cause myocardial infarction, an area that has not recieved oxygen and can no longer function causing areas of the heart with no ability to pump. Areas of the heart die. This can lead to cardiac arrest, shock, pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure. After a heart attack the damaged area can burst open called cardiac rupture. Angina pectoris - pain in the chest. Angina attack. Pain usually deminished when the patient relaxes. Attack usually does not last longer than 3-5 minutes. Acute myocardial infarction - when a portion of the myocardium (heart muscle) dies as a result of oxygen starvation. Usually due to Trauma patient - a patient suffering from one or more physical injuries Trauma means - physical injury Moi- mechanism of injury - death in same passenger compartment, steering wheel, gun shot wound to head chest or abdomen, fall of more than 15 ft or 3 times patient's height, unresponsive or altered mental status, Chief complaint - what the patient tells you is the matter Focused physical exam - what you can see and what the patient tells you. Palpate entire body and look and feel for dcap-btls Swelling - injured capillaries bleeding under the skin. Edema Totally naked for medical assessment, often because the clothes were cut off by trauma scissors. - trauma naked Dcap-btls and crepitation, csf - how to inspect the head Neck - dcap-btls jugular vein distention, crepitation Chest - dcap-btls paradoxical motion, crepitation, breath sounds (present, absent, equal) Dcap-btls firmness, softness, distention - how to assess the abdomen Pelvis - dcap-btls pain, tenderness, crepitation, motion, bleeding, fecal matter and/or urine. Dcap-btls csm cap refil - how to check extremities - Things to consider and look at in a vehicle collision - steering wheel, pedals, dashboard, rear-view mirror