BIOD 101 Exam 2 (Questions and Answers A+ Graded 100% Verified)

BIOD 101 Exam 2 (Questions and Answers A+ Graded 100% Verified) List the 7 most widely accepted characteristics of living organisms CORRECT ANS: Order, evolutionary adaptation, regulation, energy processing, growth and development, response to the environment, and reproduction Describe evolutionary adaptation and give an example CORRECT ANS: refers to smaller, genetic changes that allow for better survival of an organism. An example would be camouflage because if an animal can camouflage with their environment they will ideally live longer and be able to further reproduce more. What is an adaptation? What characteristic of life would an adaptation fall into? CORRECT ANS: An adaptation is a change or a process that allows an organism to become better suited for their environment. They may be behavioral or physical. Sexual Reproduction CORRECT ANS: Involves the fusion of two gametes, one from each parent that will unite and grow into a new offspring Asexual Reproduction CORRECT ANS: Gives rise to a new offspring from a single organism A group of one particular species living within defined boundaries of a community best describes what CORRECT ANS: Population A system of living and non living things in a region best describes a what CORRECT ANS: Ecosystem What are the three domains that comprise the Linnaean Classification system CORRECT ANS: Archaea, Eubacteria, and Eukarya What is the purpose of a phylogenic tree? CORRECT ANS: A branching diagram that shows the relationship between different levels of Linnaean classification taxa. Each branch point represents where the two organisms likely share a common ancestor True or false: Extremophiles are a small sub-set of the Archaea domain that live in extreme environments CORRECT ANS: True Bacteria that neither benefit from nor harms the host are often part of the human flora are considered what CORRECT ANS: Commensal Bacteria that cause illness are considered what CORRECT ANS: Pathogenic Describe what an exotoxin is and give an example CORRECT ANS: Exotoxins are proteins that are secreted by the bacterial cell. An example is vibrio cholera Describe what an endotoxin is and give an example CORRECT ANS: Endotoxins are present inside the cell or can be the lipopolysaccharide components of the outer membrane of some bacteria. Toxins are only released upon the death of the bacterial cell when the cell wall begins to decompose. Describe what a symbiotic relationship looks like between two organisms CORRECT ANS: A symbiotic relationship is a long-term relationship between two organisms in which one or both organisms benefit from the paired interaction What are the four main eukaryote kingdoms? CORRECT ANS: Fungi, Protista, Plantae, and Animalia Describe the process of binary fission and state whether its a form of sexual or asexual reproduction CORRECT ANS: the process of reproduction where the parent body is seemingly pinched into two halves, resulting in two daughter organisms each with its own nuclei which is a form of asexual reproduction Spherical symmetry CORRECT ANS: the body of an organism can be visualized as similar halves if any plane passes through the center. Sponges and some coral have spherical symmetry. Radial Symmetry CORRECT ANS: an organisms body can be visualized as equal halves when a plane is passed from top to bottom and through the center. Examples are sponges, jellyfish, and starfish Bilateral Symmetry CORRECT ANS: can be visualized as one plane dividing an organisms body into two equal halves. Examples are worms, clams, and snails What does primary producer mean? CORRECT ANS: They support all other trophic levels What does primary consumer mean? CORRECT ANS: They eat the primary producers You are considering a model system for research purposes. What are 6 guidelines you should consider for this system? CORRECT ANS: easy to maintain, physical size should be convenient, inexpensive, short life cycles, can be genetically manipulated, can be used to deliver economically important results