Husserl
Criticizes
1. How the idea of science is monopolized by the empirical factual science (objectivity &
science)
2. That this monopolization is justified by positivism
v Husserl opposes the narrow one – sided experiences
Phenomenology
The reflective study of how things appear to our conscious awareness
And ultimately how the world appears to us in terms of our subjective experience of it
Thus phenomenology is related to reflecting upon our everyday experience to gain some
understanding of its underlying structure, order & coherence.
Husserl: pure phenomenology – transcendental phenomenology
offers a BROADER CONCEPT OF EXPERIENCE that encompasses the idea of immediate perceptive
impressions and also the idea of eidetic intuition
POINT OF DEPARTURE
1. Reactivate forgotten knowledge: going back to the transcendental
sphere of lived experiences, due to the fact that we forget these
things due to the slurs of everyday life (natural thinking).
a. Transcendental experience: fundamental form of experienced
that is presupposed by all other forms of experience.
Why do we forget the transcendental sphere of lived experience?
the natural thinking attitude
the General Thesis: a world of real & existing entities that are spontaneously
quantified
the world is out there: experienced objectively & scientifically
thus false truth becomes what scientivism tells us objectively about the world
“I take reality for granted and don’t question it” – we have no influence of it
we take the world & all that is in it for granted & that closes off all access to our fundamental
experience/ transcendental sphere of lived experiences:
we continue throughout our lives to believe that the reality we inhabit is fundamentally
separable form our experience of it
1
, the world is out there – relative to our experience of it
the irrationalism crisis:
where the ideal of complete rational explication & illumination of our experience becomes
disillusioned. Irrational because it is impossible to explain the world rationally & exactly scientifically
Forgetfulness is the CRISIS & that clouds our view of the transcendental sphere
Phenomenology becomes what your know & learn that comes from the other people & via human
interaction – the natural thinking excludes that humanism
IN CONTRAST TO THE NATURAL THINKING ATTITUDE:
Use the phenomenological method of thinking:
the method of reduction & eidetic reduction to reach the sphere
transcendental lived experience: where we encounter meaning as
they are originally presented themselves & direct human involvement
is necessary to see this original sphere.
the phenomenological attitude
there can be no phenomenological knowledge if it is not based on the deliberate & conscious
reversal of the focus of our attitude:
back to the things themselves
(bracketing our beliefs) in the natural attitude and
focusing on our subjective experience of reality
(epoché):
bracketing the natural attitude (general thesis)
making our belief in the general thesis as a belief – NOT DENYING IT
there is nothing necessary about any action in the real world
thus we have no APODICTIC EVIDENCE to legitimize the real world & thus we put it in epoché
thus the world appears to me as always:
but I simply disregard its claim to “real existence”
thus helping us to focus on the consciousness by making out the perimeter of
everything that’s part of the natural attitude.
2
Criticizes
1. How the idea of science is monopolized by the empirical factual science (objectivity &
science)
2. That this monopolization is justified by positivism
v Husserl opposes the narrow one – sided experiences
Phenomenology
The reflective study of how things appear to our conscious awareness
And ultimately how the world appears to us in terms of our subjective experience of it
Thus phenomenology is related to reflecting upon our everyday experience to gain some
understanding of its underlying structure, order & coherence.
Husserl: pure phenomenology – transcendental phenomenology
offers a BROADER CONCEPT OF EXPERIENCE that encompasses the idea of immediate perceptive
impressions and also the idea of eidetic intuition
POINT OF DEPARTURE
1. Reactivate forgotten knowledge: going back to the transcendental
sphere of lived experiences, due to the fact that we forget these
things due to the slurs of everyday life (natural thinking).
a. Transcendental experience: fundamental form of experienced
that is presupposed by all other forms of experience.
Why do we forget the transcendental sphere of lived experience?
the natural thinking attitude
the General Thesis: a world of real & existing entities that are spontaneously
quantified
the world is out there: experienced objectively & scientifically
thus false truth becomes what scientivism tells us objectively about the world
“I take reality for granted and don’t question it” – we have no influence of it
we take the world & all that is in it for granted & that closes off all access to our fundamental
experience/ transcendental sphere of lived experiences:
we continue throughout our lives to believe that the reality we inhabit is fundamentally
separable form our experience of it
1
, the world is out there – relative to our experience of it
the irrationalism crisis:
where the ideal of complete rational explication & illumination of our experience becomes
disillusioned. Irrational because it is impossible to explain the world rationally & exactly scientifically
Forgetfulness is the CRISIS & that clouds our view of the transcendental sphere
Phenomenology becomes what your know & learn that comes from the other people & via human
interaction – the natural thinking excludes that humanism
IN CONTRAST TO THE NATURAL THINKING ATTITUDE:
Use the phenomenological method of thinking:
the method of reduction & eidetic reduction to reach the sphere
transcendental lived experience: where we encounter meaning as
they are originally presented themselves & direct human involvement
is necessary to see this original sphere.
the phenomenological attitude
there can be no phenomenological knowledge if it is not based on the deliberate & conscious
reversal of the focus of our attitude:
back to the things themselves
(bracketing our beliefs) in the natural attitude and
focusing on our subjective experience of reality
(epoché):
bracketing the natural attitude (general thesis)
making our belief in the general thesis as a belief – NOT DENYING IT
there is nothing necessary about any action in the real world
thus we have no APODICTIC EVIDENCE to legitimize the real world & thus we put it in epoché
thus the world appears to me as always:
but I simply disregard its claim to “real existence”
thus helping us to focus on the consciousness by making out the perimeter of
everything that’s part of the natural attitude.
2
