Test Bank Sociology, A Down-To-Earth Approach, 14th Edition Jim M. Henslin

Test Bank Sociology, A Down-To-Earth Approach, 14th Edition Jim M. Henslin Chapter 3 Socialization 3.1 True/False Questions 1) Feral children are often raised by animals. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 67 Skill: Knowledge 2) Without language there can be no culture, no shared way of life. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 67 Skill: Knowledge 3) The research of the Harlows demonstrated that the key to mother-child bonding is the ability of the mother to provide food and other nutrition to the offspring. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 69 Skill: 4) Mead’s theory of personal development is based on the image that we present to those around us, the reactions of these people, and way that we interpret these reactions. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 70-71 Skill: Application 5) Mead emphasized that in order to learn to take the role of the “other,” a child must pass through three stages – imitation, play, and team game. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70-71 Skill: Knowledge 6) In Mead’s theory of development, the “me” is the “object of action” or the “self as object.” Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 71 Skill: Knowledge 7) In Piaget’s model for children’s development of reasoning skills, the term “reasoning skills” is synonymous with the term “operational” as it is used in the theory. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 72 Skill: Knowledge 8) Cooley’s conclusions about the looking-glass self appear to be true for people around the world. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 72 Skill: Knowledge 9) Sociologists usually embrace Freudian theory on personality development because of its universal acceptance among the social sciences. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 73 Skill: Knowledge 10) Freud assumed that what was male was “normal” and that females were “inferior, castrated males.” Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 74 Skill: Knowledge 11) Sociologists have clearly demonstrated that most emotions are universal and are “products of our genes.” Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 74 Skill: Knowledge 12) Parents are the first significant others to show children the gender map. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 76 Skill: Knowledge 14) Gender serves as the primary basis for social inequality. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 80 Skill: Knowledge 15) The advent of Lara Croft and other women of action has clearly divided children with an interest in action films into two camps—one supporting male characters and the other the supporting emerging female characters. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 80 Skill: Knowledge 16) The research of sociologist Melvin Kohn and others demonstrates that the differences in the supervision of children are a matter of the race and ethnicity of the parents more than any other factor. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 81 Skill: Application 17) As a child’s experiences with agents of socialization broadens, the influence of the family increases. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 82 Skill: Knowledge 18) The standards of our peer groups tend to dominate our lives. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 84 Skill: Knowledge 19) Social class, gender, race, and ethnicity are aspects of one’s life that fall into the category of social location. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 85 Skill: Application 20) Because of the power of peers and social institutions, we are all prisoners of socialization. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 89 Skill: Knowledge 3.2 Multiple Choice Questions 1) The sociologist who studied feral children, including the abused child Isabelle who was discovered in 1938 living in an attic with her deaf-mute mother, was . 1. A) Michael Burawoy 2. B) Kingsley Davis 3. C) Wilbert Moore 4. D) Herbert Gans Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 65 Skill: Knowledge 2) In the “nature versus nurture” argument regarding socialization, the “nurture” component refers to _. 1. A) heredity 2. B) the social environment 3. C) instinct 4. D) genetic composition Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 66 Skill: Knowledge 3) Which of the following traits is LEAST likely to be linked to “nature” (heredity) and MOST likely linked to “nurture” (the social environment)? 1. A) vocational choice 2. B) temperament 3. C) ability at sports 4. D) aptitude for mathematics Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 66 Skill: Application 4) What term is used to describe children who are assumed to have been raised by animals in the wilderness and isolated from other children, such as the “wild boy of Aveyron”? 1. A) mentally challenged 2. B) developmentally disabled 3. C) deprived 4. D) feral Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 67 Skill: Knowledge 5) The case study of Isabelle provides support for which of the following explanations of language? 1. A) Humans are born with language 2. B) Humans have no natural language. 3. C) Language is not socially constructed. 4. D) Language determines behavior. Answer: B Diff: 4 Page Ref: 67 Skill: Analysis 6) Based on studies of isolated and institutionalized children, what is the key variable in acquiring the basic “human” traits we take for granted? 1. A) biological makeup 2. B) basic intelligence 3. C) intimate early social interaction 4. D) strict discipline Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 68 Skill: Comprehension 7) What discovery did Skeels and Dye make when they administered intelligence tests to a sample of orphans cared for by trained professionals in a “good” orphanage and to a second sample of orphans raised by residents of an institution for mentally retarded women? 1. A) The orphans raised by the mentally impaired scored an average of 25 points lower than those raised by trained professionals. 2. B) The orphans raised by the mentally impaired scored an average of 28 points higher than those raised by trained professionals. 3. C) There was no difference in the scores of the orphans raised by the mentally impaired compared to those raised by trained professionals. 4. D) The orphans raised by the mentally impaired scored an average of 47 points lower than those raised by trained professionals. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 68 Skill: Knowledge 8) The research in the early 1960s using rhesus monkeys to demonstrate the importance of intimate physical contact in the rearing of animals was conducted by _ . 1. A) Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck 2. B) William and Helen Thomas 3. C) Harry and Margaret Harlow 4. D) William and Virginia Masters Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 69 Skill: Knowledge 9) What did the Harlow experiment conclude as being the key to infant-mother bonding? 1. A) peer socialization 2. B) feeding and grooming 3. C) intimate social contact 4. D) intellectual development Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 69 Skill: Knowledge 10) What concept do sociologists refer to when they say that “society makes us human”? 1. A) stratification 2. B) psychoanalysis 3. C) cultural tradition 4. D) socialization Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 70 Skill: Application 11) The process by which we develop a sense of self, referred to as the “looking-glass self,” was developed by _ . 1. A) George Herbert Mead 2. B) William I. Thomas 3. C) Charles Horton Cooley 4. D) Robert K. Merton Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70 Skill: Knowledge 12) Our image of how others see us is called the _. 1. A) id 2. B) super ego 3. C) libido 4. D) self Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 70 Skill: Knowledge 13) What are the starting and stopping points of the development of the self during the life course? 1. A) The self-concept begins prior to conception and concludes at birth. 2. B) The self-concept begins at birth and concludes by age 5 or 6. 3. C) The self-concept begins in childhood and continues as an ongoing, lifelong process. 4. D) The self-concept begins when a child is able to reason and concludes at about age 18. Answer: C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 70 Skill: Application 14) Professor Zale bases her self-concept as a professor on the interactions she has with students, and the reactions she receives from them during class. In view of this, which process is Professor Zale utilizing? 1. A) Freud’s psychoanalytic theory 2. B) Cooley’s looking-glass self 3. C) Mead’s “I” and “me” concept 4. D) Piaget’s theory of moral reasoning Answer: B Diff: 4 Page Ref: 70 Skill: Analysis 15) The symbolic interactionist who stressed that play was crucial to the development of the concept of self was . 1. A) Charles Horton Cooley 2. B) Lester Ward 3. C) George Herbert Mead 4. D) Talcott Parsons Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 71 Skill: Knowledge 16) Bob’s football coach is a very important influence in his life. Many of Bob’s actions are attempts to win the approval of his coach. Mead would suggest that the coach is one of Bob’s _ . 1. A) generalized others 2. B) significant others 3. C) primary group members 4. D) reference group members Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 71 Skill: Comprehension 17) According to Mead’s theory of development, individuals who have a profound influence on the lives of another person, such as parents or siblings, are referred to as