CHLH 304 Exam 1 (multiple choice) Questions With Correct Answers

Health Behavior - Answer Behavior taken by a person to maintain or gain good health Another definition: undertaken for the purpose of preventing or detecting disease or for improving health and well-being. Preventive health behavior - Answer Any activity for the purpose of preventing or detecting illness in an asymptomatic state This can include self-protective behavior, which is an action intended to confer protection from potential harm Sick-role behavior - Answer those activities undertaken by people who have been diagnosed as sick that are directed at getting well It includes receiving treatment from medical providers, and generally involves a whole range of behaviors Theory - Answer Model - Answer Construct - Answer Critical theory - Answer - A way to understand the many factors that contribute to the current moment-our ideologies, norms, values etc. - An interdisciplinary approach to understanding human behavior and human life Health-related behavior - Answer Any action that is related to disease prevention, health maintenance, health improvement or health restoration whether voluntary or involuntary, whether for explicit health purposes or for other reasons (i.e. comply with a law, out of habit, etc.) Health-directed behavior - Answer Engaging in health behaviors for the direct purpose of maintaining, restoring, protecting or improving health Individual Model assumptions - Answer - Assumption that health behaviors reflect expected value - Behavioral motivation is a key influence - Barriers to health-behavior experienced on an individual level Interpersonal Model assumptions - Answer - Focus on interaction between the individual and their immediate environment - Cognitions, behaviors, affect (think emotions), generally shaped by the people with whom one interacts - Social support and social influence are the mechanisms which link social contexts with health effects Interpersonal Model limitations - Answer SCT is very complex, many constructs - No relative weights given to each factor - No description about the roles of each factor Several evolutions but all components are still included - Construct integration - including everything and making the constructs fit even if they are older What are behavior settings? - Answer - Social and physical situations in which behaviors take place - Variables work together to create "behavior settings" Ecological Model assumptions - Answer - There are multiple levels of influence on health behaviors - Environmental contexts are significant determinants of health behaviors - Influences on behaviors interact across levels - Ecological models should be behavior - specific - Multilevel interventions should be most effective in changing behaviors, because of the interactions of the different levels of influence, targeting multiple levels increases the chances of changing and maintaining change - Shifts from belief that perceptions of environment impacted health to emphasis on the direct effects of environment Ecological Model limitations - Answer - Lack of specificity - Heavy burden on researchers and health promotion professionals - Lack of information about the interactions - Too many players 6 Constructs of the Health Belief Model - Answer 1. Perceived susceptibility 2. Perceived severity 3. Perceived benefits 4. Perceived barriers 5. Cues to action 6. Self-efficacy Perceived susceptibility (HBM) - Answer beliefs on the chances of getting a condition i.e. tobacco user's perceived chances of developing smoking-related conditions (lung cancer, CVD, gum disease, etc.). Perceived severity (HBM) - Answer beliefs on the seriousness of a condition and the consequences i.e. tobacco user's beliefs regarding seriousness of various smoking-related conditions and the consequences of these conditions Perceived benefits (HBM) - Answer effectiveness of taking action to reduce the risk