Test Bank For Crime and Criminal Justice Concepts and Controversies 1st Edition By Mallicoat

Multiple Choice 1. This type of crime generally involve a criminal action against another person. a. Violent offense b. Status offense c. Crimes against the government d. Victimless crimes Ans: A Answer Location: Violent Offenses Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 2. The most common category of crime is __________. a. violent offense b. status offense c. victimless crime d. property crime Ans: D Answer Location: Property Offenses Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 3. These actions, most commonly committed by juveniles, are actions that are only considered illegal for certain groups. a. Victimless crimes b. Crimes against the government c. Status offenses d. Property crimes Ans: C Answer Location: Status Offenses Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 4. Truancy is an example of a ____________. a. violent offense b. status offense c. victimless crime d. property crime Ans: B Answer Location: Status Offenses Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: MC 5. Larceny is an example of a ___________. a. violent offense b. status offense c. victimless crime d. property crime Ans: D Answer Location: Property Offenses Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: MC 6. __________ are acts that are considered illegal under the law, but do not involve victims in the traditional sense. a. Crimes against the government b. Status offense c. Victimless crime d. Property crime Ans: C Answer Location: Victimless Crimes Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 7. Embezzlement is an example of a __________. a. violent offense b. status offense c. white-collar crime d. property crime Ans: D Answer Location: White-Collar Crime Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: MC 8. Espionage is an example of a __________. a. white-collar crime b. status offense c. property crime d. crime against the government Ans: D Answer Location: Crimes Against the Government Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: MC 9. In June 2013, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was indicated on 30 counts related to using weapons of mass destruction to commit murder in an act of terrorism. This is an example of a ________. a. white-collar crime b. status offense c. property crime d. crime against the government Ans: D Answer Location: Crimes Against the Government Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Analysisss Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: MC 10. Since 1930, the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) has been responsible for collecting and publishing the arrest data from police agencies in the United States. This is called the ________. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. National Incident Based Reporting System d. Monitoring the Future Survey Ans: A Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 11. __________ data allow us to compare how crime changes over time, by comparing arrest data over a specific time frame or from 1 year to the next. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. National Incident Based Reporting System d. Monitoring the Future Survey Ans: A Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: MC 12. In the UCR, Type 1 crimes include information for eight separate offenses are divided into these two categories. a. Property crime and violent crime b. Violent crime and victimless crime c. Violent crime & crimes against the government d. Property crime and white-collar crime Ans: A Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 13. Based on UCR data, we know that violent crime has ______ since 2003. a. declined b. remained stagnate c. increased d. increased sharply Ans: A Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: MC 14. From UCR data, we know that most offenders are __________. a. white, male and under the age of 18 b. white, male and over the age of 18 c. black, male and under the age of 18 d. black, male and over the age of 18 Ans: B Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: MC 15. _________ are crimes that are unreported to the police. As a result, they are not represented in UCR data. a. Victimless crimes b. Open cases c. Dark figure of arrest d. Dark figure of crime Ans: D Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 16. ________ divides its data into three themes: crimes against persons, crimes against property, and crimes against society. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. National Incident Based Reporting System d. Monitoring the Future Survey Ans: C Answer Location: National Incident Based Reporting System Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 17. The __________ catalog involves data on 22 offense categories and includes 46 specific crimes known as Group A offenses. Data on 11 lesser offenses (Group B offenses) are also collected. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. National Incident Based Reporting System d. Monitoring the Future Survey Ans: C Answer Location: National Incident Based Reporting System Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 18. Across all three categories, ________ data indicate that crime is generally 40% to 50% higher between noon and 11:59 pm compared to between midnight and 11:59 am. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. National Incident Based Reporting System d. Monitoring the Future Survey Ans: C Answer Location: National Incident Based Reporting System Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: MC 19. _________ represents the largest victimization study conducted in the United States. a. UCR b. NCVS c. NIBRS d. YRBS Ans: B Answer Location: National Crime Victimization Survey Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 20. The greatest achievement of the _______ lies in its attempt to fill the gap between reported and unreported crime. a. Uniform Crime Reports b. National Crime Victimization Survey c. National Incident Based Reporting System d. Monitoring the Future Survey Ans: B Answer Location: National Crime Victimization Survey Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: MC 21. Based on these _______ findings, the Bureau of Justice Statistics make generalizations to the population regarding the prevalence of victimization in the United States. a. UCR b. NCVS c. NIBRS d. YRBS Ans: B Answer Location: National Crime Victimization Survey Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 22. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Study (YRBS) began in 1991 and includes data on several categories of at-risk behaviors in youth. a. UCR b. NCVS c. NIBRS d. YRBS Ans: D Answer Location: Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 4, Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 23. Based on YRBS 2013 data, _____% of students surveyed had carried a weapon at least once during the previous month. a. 5.5 b. 17.9 c. 24.3 d. 38.6 Ans: B Answer Location: Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 4, Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: MC 24. One of the most influential longitudinal studies on at-risk behaviors and youth is the ________. National Youth Survey Family Study (NYSFS). a. YRBS b. NYSFS c. MFS d. ABS Ans: B Answer Location: Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 4, Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 25. The ______ began in 1976 and included 1725 youth between the ages of 11 and 17 years (and a parent) who were selected randomly from across the United States. a. YRBS b. NYSFS c. MFS d. ABS Ans: B Answer Location: Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 4, Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 26. A crime ________ compares the number of occurrences of a particular crime to the size of the total population. a. proportion b. statistic c. rate d. trend Ans: C Answer Location: Crime Rates Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: MC 27. A review of data over a 10-year period demonstrates that the violent crime rate fell 18.7% since 2003. a. 5.3 b. 18.7 c. 29.6 d. 42.4 Ans: B Answer Location: Crime Rates Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: MC 28. Since 2013, the rate of property crime has a. declined. b. stagnated. c. increased. d. sharply increased. Ans: A Answer Location: Crime Rates Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: MC 29. At gunpoint, Tim took a wallet containing $500 from Ron. This is best described as ______. a. larceny-theft b. burglary c. unlawful theft by taking d. robbery Ans: D Answer Location: Robbery Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: MC 30. Sherry entered the home of April with the intent of taking property without permission. This is the crime of _______, which is a __________. a. robbery, violent crime b. robbery, property crime c. burglary, property crime d. larceny-theft, victimless crime Ans: C Answer Location: Property Crimes Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: MC True/False 31. According to the text, crimes are organized into six categories: violent offenses, property offenses, status offenses, victimless crimes, white-collar offenses, and crimes against the government. Ans: True Answer Location: Defining Crime Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: TF 32. While the laws vary from state to state, murder can generally be classified into three subcategories. Ans: False Answer Location: Murder Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: TF 33. Robbery and burglary are types of property crime. Ans: False Answer Location: Violent Offenses Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: TF 34. The term white-collar crimes describes a category of offenses that traditionally occur within the corporate and related fields and includes crimes such as gambling. Ans: False Answer Location: White-Collar Offenses Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: TF 35. The Uniform Crime Reports are published annually by the FBI and present the rates and volume of crime by offense type, based on arrests made by police. Ans: True Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: TF 36. UCR data allow us to compare how crime changes over time. Ans: True Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: TF 37. One of the major weaknesses of the NCVS is its inability to capture the dark figure of crime. This is something the UCR gives us a much better picture of. Ans: False Answer Location: Limitations of the UCR Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: TF 38. The hierarchy rule, which is a weakness of UCR data, refers to cases where only the most serious crime is reported when multiple crimes are committed during a single criminal event. Ans: True Answer Location: Limitations of the UCR Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: TF 39. NIBRS divides its data into three themes: crimes against persons, crimes against property, and crimes against society. Ans: True Answer Location: National Incident Based Reporting System Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: TF 40. A crime rate compares the number of occurrences of a particular crime to the size of the total population. Ans: True Answer Location: Rates of Crime Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: TF 41. A crime rate is calculated by taking number of people in the population and dividing it by the number of crimes. Then, take this answer and multiply it by 100,000. Ans: False Answer Location: Rates of Crime Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: TF 42. While the rate of violent crime has declined since 2003, the rate of property crime has increased. Ans: False Answer Location: Rates of Crime Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: TF 43. According to UCR data, most offenders are white, male, and over the age of 18. Ans: True Answer Location: Rates of Crime Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: TF 44. Self-report studies typically involve one of three populations: at-risk or general populations, offenders involved in the criminal justice process, and convicted offenders that are either incarcerated or are participating in a community-based sanction. Ans: True Answer Location: Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 4, Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: TF 45. One of the most influential longitudinal studies on at-risk behaviors and youth is the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Study (YRBS). Ans: False Answer Location: Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 4, Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: TF Essay 46. What are the six different categories of crime? Provide two examples of each category. Ans: Violent offenses (murder, robbery), property offenses (burglary, larceny-theft), status offenses (truancy, running away), victimless crimes (gambling, prostitution), white-collar offenses (embezzlement, insider trading), and crimes against the government (espionage, treason). Answer Location: Defining Crime Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 47. Murder is the killing of one human being by another. While the laws vary from state to state, murder can generally be classified into four subcategories. List and define each. Ans: First degree murder (generally includes acts that are premeditated, committed with malice, or are committed during the commission of a felony), Second degree murder (acts that are not premeditated or planned and do not involve torture), Voluntary manslaughter (acts where the offender intended to take someone’s life, but there are mitigating circumstances that might excuse or minimize the actions of the offender), Involuntary manslaughter (acts where there was no intent to take someone’s life, but the loss of life occurred due to negligence). Answer Location: Violent Offenses Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 48. Explain the major difference between robbery and burglary. Why are these in separate categories? Ans: Robbery involves taking personal property from someone through the use of force or fear. As a result, it is a violent offense. In contrast, burglary is a property offense that occurs when someone enters a building or other physical space (residence, business, or car) with the intent of taking property without permission. Answer Location: Defining Crime Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: ESS 49. Many people challenge whether drug use is a victimless crimes. Why is this? Ans: Drug use is harmful to an individual, but addiction can have collateral consequences and lead to other criminal offenses to support a drug habit. Drugs can also have large-scale implications on communities. Answer Location: Victimless Crimes Learning Objective: 1, Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 50. What is the UCR? What can it tell us about crime? Ans: Key points include: The Uniform Crime Reports, one of the largest datasets on crime in the United States, published by the FBI, compiles the arrest data from police agencies in the United States, present the rates and volume of crime by offense type. This data can show us rates of crime as well as characteristics of offenders. Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: ESS 51. What are the major strengths and weaknesses of the UCR? Ans: Key points include—Strengths: one of the largest crime databases, includes arrest data from all law enforcement agencies, allows us to measure and compare crime rates, allows us to analyze characteristics of offenders. Weaknesses: dark figure of crime, definitions of crime included in the UCR are limited, hierarchy rule, participation of responding agencies has fluxuated over time. Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 52. What is the NCVS? How can it offer criminologists a better understanding of crime? Ans: The NCVS is the National Crime Victimization Survey. It was designed to supplement the data from UCR and provide data on crime from the victims’ perspective. As a result, it fills the gap between reported and unreported crime. Answer Location: National Crime Victimization Survey Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 53. What is NIBRS? How does NIBRS data offer a more complete understanding of criminal offending in the United States? Ans: Key points should include: NIBRS is the National Incident Based Reporting System. NIBRS divides its data into three themes: crimes against persons, crimes against property, and crimes against society. This offers increased diversity in the types of crimes that data are collected on in comparison with the UCR, and the NIBRS changed the hierarchy rule so that cases that involve more than one specific offense will now count all of the different offenses that are reported and not just the most serious event. Finally, NIBRS data are collected on both completed and attempted criminal offenses. Answer Location: National Incident Based Reporting System Learning Objective: 2, Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: ESS 54. What is self-reported data? Ans: Self-reported data involves researchers asking people about the types of behaviors they engage in. Answer Location: Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 4, Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: ESS 55. What populations are usually under study in self-reported data? Ans: Studies of at-risk or general populations; studies of offenders involved in the criminal justice process; and convicted offenders that are either incarcerated or are participating in a community-based sanction Answer Location: Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 4, Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 56. Some self-reported studies are longitudinal studies. What does this mean? Ans: Longitudinal studies reflect offending behaviors over a period of time. In these studies, data are collected in time intervals. As a result, longitudinal data can take years to compile. Answer Location: Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 4, Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: ESS 57. What are the major limitations of Self-Reported Offending Datasets? Ans: There is no way to ensure that the people that participate in these studies will be truthful in their responses. Additionally, not all self-reported studies use a random sample. Many draw upon convenience-based samples, so the results from these studies cannot be compared to the population at large. Answer Location: Limitations of Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 4, Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: ESS 58. How are crime rates calculated? Ans: A crime rate is calculated by taking the number of crimes and divide it by the population, or the number of residents of a specific region. Then, take this answer and multiply it by 100,000. This will give you the standard rate of crime per 100,000 individuals. Answer Location: Rates of Crime Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: ESS 59. The population in a given county is 30,000. There were 6 homicides in the county this year. What is the crime rate? Ans: 6/30,000= 0.0002 x 100,000= 20 homicides per 100,000 individuals Answer Location: Rates of Crime Learning Objective: 3, Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Application Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: ESS 60. Compare and contrast the UCR and NIBRS. Ans: UCR—reported crime, hierarchy rule, some demographic detail about offender and victim; NIBRS—no hierarchy rule, more detail, only 33 states use it, though Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 3-2 Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident-Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 61. Compare and contrast the UCR and NCVS. Ans: UCR—reported crime, hierarchy rule, some demographic detail about offender and victim; NCVS—dark figure, includes reported and unreported crimes Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 3-2 Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident-Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 62. What is the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Study? Ans: It began in 1991 and includes data on several categories of at-risk behaviors in youth. Organized by the Centers for Disease Control, this study includes data from ongoing school-based studies, as well as one-time national and special-population studies and measures of at-risk and offending behaviors. Answer Location: Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 3-4 Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 63. What are the limitations of the UCR? Ans: Hierarchy rule, reported crime only, some jurisdictions may not report or not report accurately, not a lot of detail, some definitions are limiting (forcible rape) Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 3-2 Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident-Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 64. Explain the hierarchy rule of the UCR. Ans: In a criminal event, when there are multiple crimes, the UCR will only count the most serious one. Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 3-2 Compare the differences between the Uniform Crime Reports, the National Incident-Based Reporting System, and the National Crime Victimization Survey Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 65. What is the National Youth Survey Family Study (NYSFS)? Ans: It began in 1976 and included 1,725 youth between the ages of 11 and 17 (and a parent) who were selected randomly from across the United States. In 2004, the National Youth Survey Family Study is a longitudinal study. In addition to interviewing the original participants, it also includes interviews with their parents, current spouses, and adolescent children. Answer Location: Self-Reported Offending Datasets Learning Objective: 3-4 Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 66. Compare and contrast self-reports and the NCVS. Ans: NCVS looks at self-reported victimization and gets at the dark figure, asking if the victimization was reported and if not, why not. Self-report data also get at the dark figure but ask questions about a person’s involvement in crime. Some self-report studies are national as well, though not all, and some are longitudinal and can speak to crime desistance too. Answer Location: National Crime Victimization Survey Learning Objective: 3-4 Assess how self-report studies of crime provide a different perspective on offending Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 67. Are white-collar crimes more harmful than street crimes? Explain. Ans: Yes, more money is lost overall, and lives can be ruined. No, street crimes may be more personal, involving face-to-face interactions. Answer Location: Current Controversy 3.1: Is White-Collar Crime Harmful to Society? Learning Objective: 3-1 Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Analysis Difficulty Level: Hard Question Type: ESS 68. What are status offenses? Give at least three examples. Ans: Behaviors that, if the person was an adult, would not be against the law. Curfew violations, running away, and skipping school. Answer Location: Status Offenses Learning Objective: 3-1 Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: ESS 69. Provide two examples of crimes against the government. Ans: Terrorism, treason, and espionage Answer Location: Crimes Against the Government Learning Objective: 3-1 Identify the six different categories of crime Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Difficulty Level: Easy Question Type: ESS 70. What does the UCR reveal about crime rates? Ans: Violent crime rates have fallen 18.7% since 2003, and property offenses have declined as well. Robbery rates experienced the greatest reduction among the index offenses. Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 3-3 Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 71. Describe the demographic characteristics of criminals, according to the UCR. Ans: Most are white males over 18. Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 3-3 Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 72. What index offenses are women most likely to commit, according to the UCR? Ans: Larceny-theft is the most common and then aggravated assault. Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 3-3 Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS 73. What crimes are juveniles more involved in than adults? Ans: Larceny-theft is the most frequent crime for all age groups, with a greater percentage of juveniles involved in it. Just over 15% of the arrests for the crime of burglary involve juvenile offenders under the age of 18, and burglary accounts for 12% of adult arrests. In contrast, arrests for the crime of aggravated assault involve a greater proportion of adults compared to juveniles (20% vs. 11%). Answer Location: Uniform Crime Reports Learning Objective: 3-3 Explain how crime rates are used to understand the prevalence of crime in society Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Difficulty Level: Medium Question Type: ESS