NP role final exam |159 questions with 100% correct answers

In which specialty are most nurse practitioners educated? Peds Primary care Family Adult gerontology primary care Which factor represents a potential barrier to Nurse Practitioner's practice in a primary care setting? Cost effectiveness Professional growth Aging baby boomers Collaboration agreements Collaboration agreements Distinguish among the advanced practice registered nursing (APRN) roles recognized by the Consensus Model for APRN Regulation: Licensure, Accreditation, Certification & Education. Under the APRN model of regulation, the 4 roles recognized are Certified registered nurse anesthetist Certified nurse midwife Clinical nurse specialist Certified nurse practitioner APRNs are certified in one of the 4 roles and at least one of the six population foci: family/individual across the lifespan, adult-gerontology, pediatrics, neonatal, women's health, and/or psych Which topic is specifically addressed in outcomes designated by the AACN essentials for Master's education in nursing? physical assessment pathophysiology population health pharmacology population health Which organization outlined core competencies for nurse practitioners in all tracks and specialties? American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) National Organization for Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) NONPF Differentiate between the focus of the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) and the doctor of philosophy (PhD) in nursing. DNP's educational focus is on clinical practice and the PhD is more specific for research Which American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) essential is unique to the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) program? a. Background for practice from sciences and humanities b. Advanced nursing practice c. Healthcare policy for advocacy in health care d. Organizational and systems leadership Advanced nursing practice Describe the components of the DNP Scholarly Project as designated by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) As per the AACN, the DNP Scholarly Project must meet the following criteria: (a) focus on a change that impacts healthcare outcomes either through direct or indirect care; (b) have a systems (micro-, meso-, or macro-level) or population/aggregate focus; (c) demonstrate implementation in the appropriate arena or area of practice; (d) include a plan for sustainability (e.g. financial, systems or political realities, not only theoretical abstractions); (e) include an evaluation of processes and/or outcomes (formative or summative); (f) be designed so that processes and/or outcomes will be evaluated to guide practice and policy; and (g) provide a foundation for future practice scholarship. Discuss the scope of practice and expanded opportunities made available to the nurse practitioner who earns a doctor of nursing practice (DNP) degree For the nurse practitioner who earns a DNP, the scope of practice does not change. However, by way of knowledge and skills gained in a DNP program, the nurse practitioner (NP) may have a greater impact on health outcomes for patients and populations. In addition, the DNP/NP may clinically practice in nearly any setting; including in a community health center leadership role, in larger acute care facilities, as a solo practitioner, and in nurse-managed health centers. The DNP/NP also may perform and apply research. For the DNP/NP, opportunities also include obtaining joint appointments with educational institutions and healthcare facilities, as well as serving as a leader in disease management. Explain the relevance of nursing philosophies and theories to the nurse practitioner's delivery of patient care. Nursing philosophies and theories serve as the foundation for delivery of patient care by the nurse practitioner (NP). Concepts described in nursing philosophies and theories form the basis for excellence in nursing practice and serve to illustrate the NP's distinctive qualities. Nursing philosophies and theories conceptualize unique qualities; including the NP's ability to build trust, instill confidence, and create a positive patient-NP relationship. Discuss the relationship between a microsystem and a macrosystem in the context of a family unit. The family microsystem comprises the nuclear family and extended family members, as well as the roles and expectations for each family member. The macrosystem represents the larger world in which the family lives and interacts, and serves as a social framework that has unintentional influences on values, attitudes, and behaviors through time. The macrosystem may impact the family's overall development and well-being across the family lifespan. Components of the macrosystem include social expectations, legal and moral perspectives, and cultural traditions that affect the ways individuals treat and are treated by others. Which step does the nurse practitioner include when applying the structural approach to family unit assessment? a. Consider normal family changes and experiences over the family members' lifetime b. Assess both individual family members and families as a whole unit c. Emphasize dimensions of time and change in the family's membership structure d. Recognize the cluster of expectations or norms for any family member's status position Recognize the cluster of expectations or norms for any family member's status position The nurse practitioner considers the combined effects of both normative events and unexpected events on the family unit's health. Which family theory is most congruent with the nurse practitioner's assessment approach? a. Family stress theory b. Individual life span theory c. Family development theory d. Life course theory Family stress theory Summarize the basic nature of resilience including behaviors demonstrated by resilient individuals. Resilience is defined as the ability of an individual or family to function well and attain life goals despite overbearing stressors or challenges that might easily impair the person or family unit. Primary desired outcomes associated with resilience include moderating the negative effects of stress and promoting adaptation. While resilience is sometimes conceptualized as the ability to withstand a crisis that is brief in nature, in most cases, resilience is associated with how an individual or family manages a pervasive social condition such as poverty, a devastating illness, or a critical injury. Behaviors that are reflective of resilience include preserving hope;constructing a meaningful account of life events or situations; reaching out to others for help as needed; and identifying or developing resources and strengths to manage stressors flexibly and gain a positive outcome. Individual, family, and social factors that promote resilience include which characteristic? a. External locus of control b. Dependency c. Spirituality d. Upward social comparison Spirituality When collecting data related to family structure, which information is needed for assessment of the family constellation? a. Identification of immediate family members b. Current level of financial support c. Strategies used for stress management d. Eligibility for financial assistance Identification of immediate family members Describe family capacity including strategies that support family capacity-building. Family capacity is the extent to which a family's needs, goals, strengths, capabilities, and aspirations can meet the family's ability to function to its fullest potential. Similar to resilience, family capacity may be reflective of the family's ability to adapt and change. Family capacity-building involves increasing the family members' competence in implementing strategies to enhance their development and build their problem-solving skills while increasing their confidence that they are able to do so. Which factor represents a limitation associated with use of a genogram for family health assessment? a. Data collection requires extensive interviewing b. Family members tend to be disengaged from the process. c. All information must be obtained in one sitting. d. Cultural assessment data is not included. Cultural assessment data is not included. Compare and contrast the genogram and the family pedigree. A genogram is an assessment tool or clinical method of taking, storing, and processing family information for the benefit of the patient and the family. Information collected for use in agenogram is displayed as a graphic representation of family members and their relations over three generations. The information collected for the genogram may include genetic, medical, social, behavioral, and cultural aspects of the family. Similar to a genogram, a family pedigree is a graphic representation of a person's medical and biological history and is often referred to as the "family tree." Like the genogram, the pedigree is a family history assessment tool developed in an interview with a patient and is displayed as a graphic representation. A pedigree can be a powerful tool for use in health risk identification, diagnosis, and intervention. However, the pedigree provides little insight into family dynamics or the complex context of the patient and family in the community. While the genogram focuses on family relationships and communication patterns, the pedigree is a collection of the family health history and an assessment of disease risk factors. Summarize the three general components of a comprehensive prioritized problem list. Contents of the problem list may vary based on healthcare organizational requirements and healthcare provider preferences. In general, main components of a comprehensive prioritized problem list include (a) a list of chronic diseases or illnesses; (b) an ongoing or active problem that you are working on with the patient; and (c) a summarization of the most important things about a patient. Explain the impact of healthcare disparities and vulnerability on health outcomes. Healthcare disparities comprise differences in healthcare quality among individuals or groups with regard to access, treatment options, and preventative services. Segments of the global population experience social inequalities and are at risk for poor health outcomes. While any individual can become vulnerable at any point in their life, as documented in the literature, health outcomes and vulnerability fall along a social gradient and poorer people experience poorer health. For the culturally competent nurse practitioner, the delivery of patient care is influenced by which principle? a. High-income countries are not subject to health disparities. b. Access to primary health care services is a human right. c. Gaps in health outcomes between different groups of people are inevitable. d. Certain forms of health inequities are considered to be fair and just. Access to primary health care services is a human right. The nurse practitioner explores a patient's social determinants of health. When assessing GRADESLAB.COM lifestyle and behaviors, which question does the nurse practitioner ask the patient? a. "Do you use tobacco products?" b. "Are you currently employed?" c. "Do you have sufficient food?" d. "What is your level of education?" "Do you use tobacco products?" The nurse practitioner plans to advocate for improving access to health care among all populations. Which strategy does the nurse practitioner implement to advocate at the macrosystem level? a. Becoming motivated to act on the behalf of other individuals b. Developing cultural skills c. Working through the chain of command of a healthcare organization d. Gaining insight into self Working through the chain of command of a healthcare organization Describe key social and environmental factors that coexist with poverty. Beyond representing strictly a socioeconomic issue, poverty impacts health, well-being, and quality of life for generations to come. Key social and environmental factors that coexist with poverty include poor housing; inadequate nutrition; lack of clean water; increased exposure to violence; fragmented health care; and a higher prevalence of physical illness, mental health issues, and disabilities. Discuss factors that contribute to financial insecurity among the elderly. While social security income is often identified as a protective factor against elderly poverty, increases in the life expectancy of the elderly over time mean that financial resources have to last longer. Simultaneously, healthcare and housing costs are rising and employer benefit pension plans have decreased. As a result, elderly individuals face significant insecurity about whether or not their resources are sufficient to cover the duration of their lives after retirement. Discuss transgenerational trauma and its impact on disease development. Transgenerational or intergenerational trauma comprises wounding from a traumatic event that produces effects upon generations after the initial trauma. Transgenerational trauma may occur in individual families. In addition, transgenerational trauma may occur among groups who have experienced various traumatic events (such as genocide, terrorism, and natural disasters) as collective trauma. For both individuals and groups, long-lasting harmful effects on physiological processes in the body may lead to the development of chronic disease Describe the nurse practitioner's approach to assessing and assisting an individual who may be subject to human trafficking. The NP must be educated on identifying victims of human trafficking, developing culturally appropriate caring patient/provider relationships, becoming knowledgeable on reporting laws, and assisting colleagues to better identify and refer potential victims. Potential indicators of trafficking include (a) being accompanied by someone who appears to be controlling the individual and the scenario; (b) fear; (c) sadness; (d) bruises and other traumatic injuries; (e) lack of documentation; (f) discrepancy of behavior and reported age; and (g) generally poor health. Recommended approaches to assessment of individuals who may be subject to human trafficking include (a) assuring safety and confidentiality as a primary step; (b) asking about the individual's living arrangements and freedom to come and go at will; (c) asking if the individual is subject to threats or harm; and (d) asking if the individual has been forced to have sex or perform sex acts. Useful laboratory testing includes complete blood count, STD testing (including HIV), ova and parasites, hepatitis B and C, and tuberculosis. By working as a team with social services and law enforcement, the NP can help get the victim to safety and into services to assist transitioning to safe housing with long-term treatment for psychological and medical issues. When discussing gender and sexuality, a patient identifies as being "gender fluid." The nurse practitioner understands the patient's gender identification to be reflective of which self- perception? a. The patient does not identify with any gender. b. The patient identifies as mixed or neutral gender. c. The patient identifies with the gender assigned at birth. d. The patient's gender is not static but shifts. The patient's gender is not static but shifts. When discussing sexual orientation, the patient tells the nurse practitioner, "I view myself as being female, but I am attracted to other people regardless of how they view their gender or gender identity." Which sexual preference best describes the patient's perspective? a. Pansexual b. Homosexual c. Asexual d. Bisexual Pansexual Research suggests the delivery of disparate health services is most prevalent among patients who receive mental health treatment in which setting? a. Primary care b. Psychiatric c. Community health d. Pediatric Primary care The term "co-occurring diagnosis" best describes a patient who is diagnosed with which concurrent health alterations? a. Schizophrenia and opioid abuse disorder b. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis c. Hypertension and borderline personality disorder d. Bipolar depression and conduct disorder Schizophrenia and opioid abuse disorder Which disorder most significantly impacts out-of-home placement for children? a. Conduct disorder b. Autism spectrum disorder c. Post-traumatic stress disorder d. Substance use disorder Substance use disorder Which single intervention is most appropriate for the nurse practitioner to consider including in the plan of care for a patient who is struggling with opioid and marijuana dependencies? a. Buprenorphine b. Motivational interviewing c. Naltrexone d. Family psychotherapy Motivational interviewing