ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Infection 2024

ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Infection 2024 A nurse is caring for a client who has streptococcal pharyngitis and an allergy to penicillin. The nurse should recognize that which of the following drugs can be safely administered to this client? - Azithromycin/Erythromycin. Rationale: Azithromycin, a macrolide, is an acceptable alternative to penicillin for patients who have bacterial infections and are allergic to penicillin. The medication is effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is used for streptococcal pharyngitis. - Nafcillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are penicillins and are contraindicated for those w/a penicillin allergy. Vancomuycin and clindamycin are safer alternatives. - A small percentage of clients who are allergic to penicillin have a cross sensitivity to cephalosporins. Cephalexin is a cephalosporin and is an inappropriate choice for the client. A nurse is administering cefotetan IV to a client to treat an intra-abdominal infection. The nurse notes that the IV insertion site is warm, edematous, and painful to the touch. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? - Stop the cefotetan infusion. Rationale: The nurse should stop the infusion, remove the IV catheter, assess for tissue damage, and treat the client accordingly. The nurse should then initiate IV access via another site, continuing cefotetan therapy according to prescribed parameters. - Because the client could have thrombophlebitis, slowing the infusion will not alleviate the potential tissue damage or risk of embolus, and the IV site should be changed. To prevent thrombophlebitis, the nurse should dilute cefotetan, a second-generation cephalosporin, and infuse it slowly over 20 to 30 min. - The edematous, painful, and warm IV insertion site does not indicate an allergic reaction. The nurse should administer an antihistamine, such as diphenhydramine, if the client has hives, a rash, or other indications of an allergy to cephalosporins. - Switching the client to another antibiotic is essential when the current drug is ineffective or the client has an intolerable reaction to it. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for aztreonam to treat a respiratory tract infection. Which of the following findings in the client's medical record should the nurse recognize as requiring cautious use for this rx and report to the provider? - Renal impairment. Rationale: Aztreonam, a monobactam, requires cautious use with clients who have renal dysfunction because it is excreted in the urine. Renal impairment could affect the excretion of aztreonam, allowing the level of the drug to accumulate. The nurse should report this finding to the provider, so the provider can prescribe a lower dose for the client or prescribe a different antimicrobial drug.