Psychology Final Exam with 100% correct answers verified for accuracy(100% pass)

Which of these statements is true about a theory? It implies predictions What type of relationship is indicated if low values of one variable seem to be associated with low values of another variable? Positive correlation ______________ are useful in evaluating behavioral treatments. Single-subject designs ____________ offer precise descriptions of target behaviors so experimenters know how they should be observed and measured. Operational definitions A theory is: An organized and systematic assumptions and principles Which of these is not required by the APA ethics code? Provide payment for participation Which of the following can provide casual explanations? Experiments Which of the following is NOT a reason psychologists might study non-human animals? There are no rules or regulations The general term for failing to consider evidence because of personal belief is: bias An example of empirical evidence would be: Behavioral data recorded by trained observers and checked for reliability. What is the fundamental difference between neurotransmitters and hormones? Hormones carry messages over short distances; neurotransmitters carry messages over long distances. Nerves do not actually touch each other. They are separated by a(n): synaptic cleft The ____________ and basal ganglia enable nonverbal learning and skill memory. cerebellum All of our nerves are part of the __________ nervous system peripheral Which of these is not part of the limbic system? Prefrontal cortex The ___________ system is connected to the ____________ and secretes hormones Endocrine; nervous Endorphins: Are neuromodulators, natural opioids, and increase during fear or stress This specific part of the brain is involved with reasoning, planning, and self-control Prefrontal cortex Excess ___________ can result in multiple sclerosis Glutamate The function of ____________ is to gather and process information, process responses to stimuli, and coordinate cell activity. The nervous system The class of drugs called "depressants" gets its name because taking them causes a person to feel sad and hopeless. False Which of the following is not a psychoactive drug? They all are psychoactive drugs: heroin, cocaine, nicotine Withdrawal can kill an alcoholic. True ____________ means reverse tolerance Sensitization Withdrawal is atypical with _________ psychedelics For most people who overdose on opioids, the cause of death is: respiratory distress Which of the following can influence a drug's effect on you? Other drugs in your system, your weight, whether you are male or female Which of the following drugs has no legitimate medical use? nicotine Which of these statements about cannabis is FALSE? Some people have died from overdosing on marijuana. What stops heroin withdrawal? Using heroin Women are slightly more likely than men to engage in _________ relational aggression Epigenetic changes can affect: vulnerability to mental illness, memory, and behavior _________ is the proportion of variation among individuals in a group that can be attributed to genes. Heritability "Gender role" refers to: A culture's expectations about the "correct" way for females and males to behave Sexual orientation and gender identity have different meanings True ____________ study human differences and the interaction between environment and heredity. Behavioral geneticists Humans' ________________ in responding to different environments contributes to our ability to survive and reproduce adaptive flexibility Cognitive development ______ Is continuous Individualist cultures tend to value _____; collectivist cultures tend to value _____. independence; interdependence Which of these statements is true? The consequences of our behavior shape future behavior. Brains scans of older adults indicate that the ________ responds less to negative events. amygdala Childhood vaccinations may contribute to autism in developing child false Teenagers are naturally more impulsive and likely to take risks compared to adults because the __________ is/are not yet fully developed frontal lobes Small children think that their toy is gone even though it is simply covered by a blanket, but they eventually learn otherwise. This phenomenon is called: object permanence The first time we hear a loud noise, it startles us. After being exposed to it several times, it becomes familiar, and we may not even notice it anymore. This can happen with babies and even fetuses. The phenomenon is called ___________ Habituation Babies are born with several reflexes. Which of the following is NOT one of them? eye tracking By age 65, a person would be most likely to experience a cognitive decline in the ability to: recall the important concepts in a chapter The parenting style correlates with children whose brains overreact when they make mistakes: authoritarian Viruses, alcohol, and the chemicals in cigarettes are examples of these, which can harm a developing fetus teratogens Cognitive development _________ is continuous Which of these has no reinforcing value without being paired with something else? money Which of these statements is NOT true about punishment? It is usually administered swiftly and appropriately. Inborn behaviors, such as barking (dogs) and rooting (pigs) can be eliminated through operant conditioning. False If you want to maintain your significant other's behavior of sending mushy texts, you would utilize: intermittent reinforcement The type of conditioning that occurs when a previously neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus is called ________ conditioning respondent, Pavlovian, classical _______ is the removal of a stimulus that results in an increase in behavior. Negative reinforcement Whenever your friends come over, your little sister bugs you and won't go away unless you give her a dollar. What should you do to extinguish this behavior? Ignore her every time and never give her money systematic desensitization may be an effective treatment for : phobias Reinforcers are always reinforcers, and punishers are always punishers. False Melissa has a 4- year old daughter who throws toys at other children every day during play group, and it does not seem to be in response to any specific child's behavior. Which consequence is the BEST option to make her stop? Before play group begins, offer her the options of playing alone with a few toys. Which of the following is not a strategy that may help you remember new information? heuristics The end of the semester arrives, and you see a D as your grade for this class. Although you had trouble understanding the material all semester you assumed you were doing okay. this is an example of weakness in: metacognition eyewitness testimony is so important because it is incredibly reliable. False which part of the brain is most associated with long-term memory? hippocampus since she was little, Elaine has heard adults say that girls are not good at math (although she always got good grades) Now that she has started high school, she is terrified of algebra class and fears that she will fail. She has been having trouble concentrating while studying for tests. This is an example of: stereotype threat I designed a test to assess the aptitude of new students coming into my special education classroom. Scoring criteria are based on my students from last year. I give the test in September, January, and again in May. The students keep getting wildly different scores each time. What is the problem with the assessment I designed? It lacks reliability