WGU D027 Patho Pharm Exam With 100% Correct Answers 2023

color blindness and hemophilia - Correct Answer-sex-linked traits, cones lack one or more wavelength-sensitive chemicals, you will be unable to distinguish the colors red, green or blue. Some conditions that can cause color deficits are sickle cell anemia. Thiazide diuretics mechanism of action - Correct Answer--Inhibit Na reabsorption in the *distal tubule* -Promotes up to 10% of Na and H2O excretion -Increase urinary excretion of other electrolytes Diuril (chlorothiazide) - Correct Answer-1st line drug tx for antihypertensive, thiazide diuretic, tx by reducing bld vol, increased urination Calcium Channel Blockers - Correct Answer-(INE)agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions into heart muscle cells, causing a slowing of the heart rate, a lessening of the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and a relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris, some arrhythmias, and hypertension Ca Channel Blockers - Correct Answer-Dilate the arteries and reduce the force of the heart's contractions Norvasc (amlodipine) Cardizem (Diltiazem) ACE inhibitors adverse effects - Correct Answer-1. first dose hypotension 2. orthostatic hypotension cardia sensitvity insufficiency 6. hyperkalemia 7. Angioedema 8. Bone marrow depression Beta Blockers - Correct Answer-decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors by inhibiting effects of norepi Escitalopram - Correct Answer-Lexapro SSRI pituitary gland - Correct Answer-The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands. atherosclerotic plaque - Correct Answer-fatty deposits accumulated due to elevated glucose levels Primary HTN risk factors - Correct Answer-1. Genetic predisposition 2. Excess dietary salt intake 3. Adrenergic tone 4. racial pattern (HIGHEST : African Americans) Primary HTN causes - Correct Answer-Renal Parenchymal disease Renal vascular disease essential HTN Cardiovascular disease CNS abnormalities Endocrine disease Syndromes Medication related (rare). EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) proteins, mutation driving lung cancer - Correct Answer-medicate with Tagrisso, a type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Tagrisso (osimertinib) - Correct Answer-non-small cell lung cancer muscular dystrophy (MD) - Correct Answer-group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) - Correct Answer-Dx based on physical symptoms, family history, an elevated concentration of creatine kinase (CK) in the blood indicating destruction of muscle, and molecular genetic testing. Duchenne muscular dystrophy symptoms - Correct Answer-Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles; use upper extremity to help them stand up; waddling gait Autosomal Recessive Inheritance - Correct Answer-Skips generations, usually seen in only 1 generation. 25% of offsprings from 2 carrier parents affected. Often due to enzyme deficiencies, more severe than dominant disorders; symptoms presents in childhood. autosomal dominant inheritance - Correct Answer-presence of certain genes that means there is a 100% chance of the person eventually getting the disease autosomal dominant disorders - Correct Answer-Huntington's Disease Achondroplasia Neurofibromatosis