3100: Exam 4 (Questions And Answers A+ Graded 100% Verified)

3100: Exam 4 (Questions And Answers A+ Graded 100% Verified) Analgesics Correct Answer: drugs that relieve pain w/o causing a loss of consciousness anaphylaxis Correct Answer: condition of shock caused by hypersensitivity to a drug or other substance that results in life-threatening respiratory distress & vascular collapse anemia Correct Answer: subnormal concentration of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood anesthetics Correct Answer: agents that reversibly depress neuronal function, producing loss of ability to perceive pain &/or other sensations angina pectoris Correct Answer: severe constricting pain in the chest, often radiating to the shoulder & down the arm, caused by ischemia (obstruction of blood supply) of the heart muscle, usually a result of coronary disease antagonist Correct Answer: substance that tends to nullify the action of another drug anticholinergics Correct Answer: drugs that block the passage of impulses through the parasympathetic nerves arrythmias Correct Answer: variations from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat atherosclerosis Correct Answer: condition in which thickening of the wall of a blood vessel occurs because of the deposition of plaque bronchodilators Correct Answer: drugs that cause expansion of the lumina of the air passages of the lungs coagulation Correct Answer: process of clot formation contraindications Correct Answer: conditions that render the administration of some drug or some particular line of treatment improper or undesirable diabetes mellitus Correct Answer: primarily a disorder of carbohydrate, protein, & fat metabolism secondary to insufficient secretion of insulin or insulin resistance diabetes gastroparesis Correct Answer: form of nerve damage that affects the stomach; food does not move through the stomach in a normal way, resulting in vomiting, nausea, or bloating diabetic peripheral neuropathy Correct Answer: disorder of the peripheral nervous system, a complication of diabetes diuretics Correct Answer: drugs that promote the excretion of urine drug Correct Answer: any substance that, when taken into a living organism, may modify one or more of its functions edema Correct Answer: presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the tissues of the body gastroesophageal reflux disease Correct Answer: inflammation of the lower esophagus from regurgitation of acid gastric contents; symptoms include heartburn generic name Correct Answer: drug name that is usually descriptive of its chemical structure but is not protected as is a brand or trade name hematoma Correct Answer: localized collection of blood in the tissue resulting from a break in the wall of the blood vessel hyperlipidemia Correct Answer: elevations of plasma lipid concentration hypertension Correct Answer: persistently high arterial blood pressure, usually exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic & 90 mm Hg diastolic idiosyncratic reaction Correct Answer: response to a drug that is not normative per its intended action or side effects inhalant Correct Answer: breathable chemical vapor that may cause systemic & local effects infiltration Correct Answer: diffusion of fluid into a tissue; often used interchangeably w/ extravasation laxatives Correct Answer: agents that promote evacuation of the bowel microorganisms Correct Answer: microscopic organisms such as bacteria or viruses opioids Correct Answer: drugs, natural or synthetic, that have pain relief activity, example being morphine osteoporosis Correct Answer: disease of bone that leads to an increased risk for fracture; bone mineral density is reduced, & bone microarchitecture is disrupted parenteral Correct Answer: not through the gastrointestinal tract but by injection parkinson disease Correct Answer: degenerative neurologic disease of the brain that often impairs motor skills, speech, & other functions peristalsis Correct Answer: waves of contraction that propel contents through the gastrointestinal tract pharmacist Correct Answer: person who is licensed to prepare & dispense drugs pharmacokinetics Correct Answer: study of the metabolism & action of drugs with particular emphasis on the time required for absorption, duration of action, distribution in the body, & method of excretion pharmacology Correct Answer: study of drugs & their origin, nature, properties, & effects on living organisms physical dependence Correct Answer: state of adaptation exhibited by a withdrawal syndrome specific to a class of drugs & that may be produced by abrupt cessation, rapid dose reduction, or administration of an antagonist schizophernia Correct Answer: chronic mental disorder characterized by periods of hallucinations & paranoia shock Correct Answer: condition characterized by profound hypotension & reduced tissue perfusion side effect Correct Answer: consequence other than the one for which a drug is used therapeutic Correct Answer: pertaining to the art of healing thromboembolic disorders Correct Answer: conditions involving the partial or complete obstruction of a blood vessel tolerance Correct Answer: state of adaptation in response to drug exposure that results in a decrease of one or more of the drug's effects over time vasoconstrictors Correct Answer: drugs that cause constriction of the blood vessels vasodilators Correct Answer: drugs that cause dilation of the blood vessels ampule Correct Answer: small sealed glass container that holds a single dose of parenteral solution in a sterile condition angiocath Correct Answer: catheter inserted directly into the vein for drug administration bolus Correct Answer: concentrated mass of pharmaceutical preparation buccal Correct Answer: pertaining to the inside of the mouth drip infusion Correct Answer: infusion of liquid directly into the vein enteral Correct Answer: within the gastrointestinal tract extravasation Correct Answer: discharge or escape of fluid from a vessel into the surrounding tissue that can cause localized vasoconstriction, resulting in sloughing of tissue & tissue necrosis if not reversed with an antidote intradermal Correct Answer: within or between the layers of skin intramuscular Correct Answer: within the muscle tissue intravenous Correct Answer: within a vein intravenous injection Correct Answer: medication that is delivered by intravenous push (rapid delivery) or intravenous infusion (slow drip of medication over a period of time) directly into the vein rectal Correct Answer: inserted into the rectum subcutaneous Correct Answer: beneath the skin sublingual Correct Answer: beneath the tongue topical Correct Answer: applied to a certain area of the skin & affecting only the area to which it is applied transdermal Correct Answer: entering through the skin venipuncture Correct Answer: puncture of a vein vial Correct Answer: small glass bottle containing multiple doses of a drug acid group Correct Answer: contains carbon double bonded to an oxygen, single bonded to another oxygen, & a negative charge at the pH of the body amine group Correct Answer: contains nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms anaphylactoid Correct Answer: resembling an immune system response to foreign material (antigen) atomic numbers Correct Answer: numbers of protons in the nuclei of the different elements blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Correct Answer: test can reveal whether the urea nitrogen levels are higher than normal, suggesting that the kidneys or liver may not be working properly bond Correct Answer: interactions between electrons of atoms that hold the atoms together in a stable group branchospasm Correct Answer: involuntary constriction of the bronchial tubes usually resulting from an immune system reaction to a foreign particle or molecule compound Correct Answer: substance composed of two or more elements combined in definite ratios that give the substance specific properties creatinine Correct Answer: nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism excreted by the kidney's filtration system; high blood plasma levels indicate poor filtration by the kidney dimer Correct Answer: compound formed by bonding of two identical simpler molecules flocculation Correct Answer: formation of flaky masses resulting from precipitation or coming out of a suspension or solution histamine Correct Answer: molecular substance containing an amine group; causes bronchial constriction & a decrease in blood pressure hydroxyl Correct Answer: common chemical group, part of the water molecule, containing one atom of hydrogen & one atom of oxygen; carries a negative charge (anion) when not a part of a molecule ionic Correct Answer: atom or molecule having a negative charge (anion) or positive charge (cation) methyl groups Correct Answer: common biochemical groups containing one carbon atom & three hydrogen atoms molecules Correct Answer: stable groups of bonded atoms having specific chemical properties monomers Correct Answer: simple molecules of a compound of relatively low molecular weight osmolality Correct Answer: measurement of the number of particles (molecules or ions or cations) that can crowd out water molecules in a measured mass (kilogram) of water osmosis Correct Answer: movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane such as blood vessel walls & cell membranes pH Correct Answer: relative acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution radiopharmaceutical Correct Answer: pharmaceutical compound that is attached to a radioisotope solution Correct Answer: uniform mixture of two or more substances, one of which is composed of molecule-sized particles that do not react together chemically suspension Correct Answer: nonuniform mixture of two or more substances, one of which is composed of larger-than-molecule-size particles that have a tendency to cluster together analysis Correct Answer: careful examination of the components of a complex situation or problem case studies Correct Answer: real-life patient situations that are studied & assessed for learning purposes critical thinking Correct Answer: creative action based on professional knowledge & experience involving sound judgement applied with high ethical standards & integrity critique Correct Answer: type of evaluation that provides feedback on the quality of a work or creation in the form of an opinion or review evaluation Correct Answer: judgement or determination of the quality of a work or creation laboratory experiments Correct Answer: exercises or activities used to reinforce cognitive concepts through the performance of planned steps, usually involving the analysis of data & answering of questions portfolio Correct Answer: collection & self-assessment of representative student work & accomplishments practice standards Correct Answer: defining statements of the professional role & performance criteria for a practitioner problem solving Correct Answer: answering questions in a methodic manner to resolve a challenging situation reflection Correct Answer: use of recording in a journal & personal review of current & past practices to improve future decision-making processes role playing Correct Answer: acting out a situation in a realistic manner in the classroom or laboratory synthesis Correct Answer: combining multiple areas of knowledge to create a new work or understanding teamwork Correct Answer: collaboration with others on the health care team to provide quality patient care