BIOS 1300 Final Exam (Nielsen) OHIO University exam study guide (with latest updates 2023) verified 100%

BIOS 1300 Final Exam (Nielsen) OHIO University exam study guide (with latest updates 2023) verified 100% Homeostasis - A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level frontal plane - divides the body into anterior and posterior portions sagittal plane - divides body into left and right transverse plane - divides the body into superior and inferior parts medial/lateral - toward the midline/away from the midline superior/inferior - above/below negative feedback - A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation. positive feedback mechanism - Feedback that tends to cause the level of a variable to change in the same direction as an initial change How does a cell get energy from ATP? - ATP captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes. adenosine triphosphate (ATP)Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the primary carrier of energy in cells Plasma membrane bilayer - a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. passive transport - the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell active transport - Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference which direction does osmosis occur? - high to low which direction will simple diffusion occur - high to low Hypotonic - Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution Hypertonic - when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes Isotonic - when the concentration of two solutions is the same relationship between pH increases/ decreases - increases= less hydrogen decreases= more hydrogen H in blood - the more there is the lower or more acidic blood pH Mitosis - part of eukaryotic cell division during wh