NURSE PRACTITIONER EXAM AANP STUDY GUIDE 2023/2024

NURSE PRACTITIONER EXAM AANP STUDY GUIDE 2023/2024 Karposi Sarcoma - CORRECT ANSWER-Characteristic purple areas on the nose in an HIV-positive female. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a type of cancer that can form in the skin, lymph nodes, or other organs. The skin lesions are usually purple in color. Malodorous single nare - CORRECT ANSWER-Foreign body Retinal Detachment - CORRECT ANSWER-the retina separates from the layer underneath. Symptoms include an increase in the number of floaters, flashes of light, and worsening of the outer part of the visual field. Adolescent with friable nasal turbinates - CORRECT ANSWER-Cocaine use Aphthous ulcer - CORRECT ANSWER-a recurrent round or oval sore or ulcer inside the mouth on an area where the skin is not tightly bound to the underlying bone, such as on the inside of the lips and cheeks or underneath the tongue. Aphthous ulcers can also affect the genitalia in males and females. GERD first line tx - CORRECT ANSWER-H2 Blocker x 4 weeks, change to PPI Maxillary Sinusitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Dental pain Kussmaul Triangle - CORRECT ANSWER-Kussmaul sign is a paradoxical rise in jugular venous pressure (JVP) on inspiration, or a failure in the appropriate fall of the JVP with inspiration. It can be seen in some forms of heart disease and is usually indicative of limited right ventricular filling due to right heart dysfunction. Roseola infantum - CORRECT ANSWER-H. fever => small pink dots pink or raised body rash => arms Acne Roscaca - CORRECT ANSWER-"adult acne." most often in adults (30-50 years of age). Unlike acne vulgaris, rosacea is devoid of blackheads and characteristically does not resolve after puberty. Rosacea strikes both sexes and potentially all ages. It tends to be more frequent in women but more severe in men. It is very uncommon in children, and it is less frequent in people with dark skin. Tx with Flagyl AV Nicking - CORRECT ANSWER-HTN, arteries crossing veins Blepharitis - CORRECT ANSWER-commonly occurs when the tiny oil glands of the inner eyelid become inflamed. It often occurs along with other skin conditions or allergies. Symptoms include red, itchy eyelids that may look greasy and crusted. Dry eyes also are a symptom. Treatments include cleaning the eyelids, antibiotic or steroid eye drops and treating underlying conditions. However, blepharitis tends to come back. Hordelum - CORRECT ANSWER-Painful stye it hurts Chalazedium - CORRECT ANSWER-Non painful lesion to eyelid Cotton Wool - CORRECT ANSWER-Cotton wool spots are an abnormal finding on funduscopic exam of the retina of the eye. They appear as fluffy white patches on the retina. They are caused by damage to nerve fibers and are a result of accumulations of axoplasmic material within the nerve fiber layer. Systemic HTN, DM Herpes Zoster - CORRECT ANSWER-Early signs of shingles include a burning sensation or stabbing pain and tingling or itching on the skin. After a few days, a rash or blisters appear usually on one side of the body or face. When the rash is at its peak, symptoms can range from mild itching to extreme and debilitating pain. Tx within 72 hours Aclovir Retinoblastoma (Rb) - CORRECT ANSWER-Absence of light reflex, it is a rare form of cancer that rapidly develops from the immature cells of a retina, the light-detecting tissue of the eye. It is the most common primary malignant intraocular cancer in children, and it is almost exclusively found in young children. Seborrheic dermatitis (Dandruff) - CORRECT ANSWER-commonly involves portions of the scalp, brows, mid-face, ears, mid-chest, and mid-back. It is not unusual for it to affect the skin of infants and young children where it often involves the scalp (cradle cap) and the diaper area. Seborrheic dermatitis is also known as seborrhea. Seborrheic Keratosis - CORRECT ANSWER-A seborrhoeic keratosis is a harmless warty spot that appears during adult life as a common sign of skin aging. ... Seborrhoeic keratosis (or seborrheic keratosis, using American spelling) is also called SK, basal cell papilloma, senile wart, brown wart or barnacle. Cupping of disc - CORRECT ANSWER-Intracranial pressure subconjunctival haemorrhage - CORRECT ANSWER-is bleeding underneath the conjunctiva. It can occur after a sudden or severe sneeze or cough, heavy lifting, straining, vomiting or even rubbing one's eyes too roughly. It can also occur as a side effect of eye surgery or blood thinners. The main symptom is a bright red patch in the eye that may spread and then become green or yellow, much like a bruise. Usually it disappears within two weeks. In most cases, no treatment is required for this condition. Sialolithiasis (also termed salivary calculi, or salivary stones) - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition where a calcified mass or sialolith forms within a salivary gland, usually in the duct of the submandibular gland (also termed "Wharton's duct"). Honey Crusted lesions - CORRECT ANSWER-Impetigo is a bacterial infection that involves the superficial skin.The most common presentation is yellowish crusts on the face, arms, or legs.Less commonly there may be large blisters which affect the groin or armpits. The lesions may be painful or itchy. Fever is uncommon. It is typically due to either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Risk factors include attending day care, crowding, poor nutrition, diabetes mellitus, contact sports, and breaks in the skin such as from mosquito bites, eczema, scabies, or herpes. With contact it can spread around or between people.Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms. Prevention is by hand washing, avoiding people who are infected, and cleaning injuries. Treatment is typically with antibiotic creams such as mupirocin or fusidic acid. Antibiotics by mouth, such as cephalexin, may be used if large areas are affected. Antibiotic-resistant forms have been found. Mild acne - CORRECT ANSWER-Skin wash retinol benzol moderate acne - CORRECT ANSWER-retinol plus tetracylines oral abo Retinol reaction - CORRECT ANSWER-decrease to 3 times a day Well demarcated cellulitis - CORRECT ANSWER-erysipelas affects the dermis, most commonly on the legs, and tends to be sharply demarcated. Cellulitis, which typically affects the lower legs, involves the subcutaneous fat and is often less well demarcated. ... The diagnosis of cellulitis or erysipelas is usually clinical. polymyalgia rheumatica - CORRECT ANSWER-you feel pain and stiffness in the muscles in your shoulders and upper arms (shoulder girdle) and hips (pelvic girdle). This feeling often comes after you've spent time resting, and is most severe upon wakening from sleep. Fibromyalgia - CORRECT ANSWER-can also cause muscle pain in the same parts of the body. But it's more wide-spread and the pain is more severe. People with fibromyalgia tend to experience other symptoms as well, including: tiredness trouble sleeping memory problems bowel and bladder problems Temporal arteritis - CORRECT ANSWER-is a condition in which the temporal arteries, which supply blood to the head and brain, become inflamed or damaged. It is also known as cranial arteritis or giant cell arteritis. Although this condition usually occurs in the temporal arteries, it can occur in almost any medium to large artery in the body. Temporal arteritis - CORRECT ANSWER-ESR CRP Biopsy Temporal arteritis - CORRECT ANSWER-S/SX double vision sudden, permanent loss of vision in one eye a throbbing headache that's usually in the temples fatigue weakness loss of appetite jaw pain, which sometimes can occur with chewing fever unintentional weight loss shoulder pain, hip pain, and stiffness tenderness in the scalp and temple areas Basal Cell carcinoma - CORRECT ANSWER-Most common form herpes keratosis - CORRECT ANSWER-acute onset, photophobia, blurred vision refer to ophthalmologist Pinworms - CORRECT ANSWER-itching at rectum, worst at noc, scotch tape, also known as enterobiasis Cellulitis worsening - CORRECT ANSWER-Suspect DVD Millera ?? - CORRECT ANSWER-white spots on mouth w/ infants Scabies - CORRECT ANSWER-weblike lesions on fingers with linear burrows Kawasaki Disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Redeye, strawberry pharnyx, rash on body, edema hands and feet t's most common in infants and young children. Early stages include a rash and fever. Symptoms include high fever and peeling skin. In late stages, there may be inflammation of medium-sized blood vessels (vasculitis). It also affects lymph nodes, skin and mucous membranes, such as inside the mouth. Kawasaki disease is usually treatable. Initial treatments include aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy given in a medical facility. Critical: consult a doctor for medical advice Contact Dermatitis infant - CORRECT ANSWER-Diaper rash Psoriasis - CORRECT ANSWER-Scaley, sharply defined, auspitx sign, pinpoint bleeding Osteomylitis - CORRECT ANSWER-infection to bone varacella - CORRECT ANSWER-chicken pox rash crusted "vesicles" Heralds Patch - CORRECT ANSWER-Pityriasis rosea is a viral rash which lasts about 6-12 weeks. It is characterised by a herald patch followed by similar, smaller oval red patches that are located mainly on the chest and back. Melonoma Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Asymmetry, irregular Borders, more than one or uneven distribution of Color, or a large (greater than 6mm) Diameter. Finally, pay attention to the Evolution of your moles - know what's normal for your skin and check it regularly for changes. 3 types of hand rashes - CORRECT ANSWER-FHand mouth, sypillis, RMSD Bulls eye lesion - CORRECT ANSWER-Lymes Disease, Doxy x 21 days Hand Foot Mouth - CORRECT ANSWER-cocsacki virus Syphillus - CORRECT ANSWER-palm of hand, RPR test, tx w/ penicillin ringworm, is a superficial fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the arms and legs, especially on glabrous skin; however, it may occur on any part of the body. It is similar to other forms of tinea. - CORRECT ANSWER-Tinea Corpius Ringworm - CORRECT ANSWER-azole antifungal Parvola lab - CORRECT ANSWER-slap face, 5ths disease, stay away from pregnant women Koplic spots - CORRECT ANSWER-Measels, Rubeola, The disease spreads through the air by respiratory droplets produced from coughing or sneezing. Measles symptoms don't appear until 10 to 14 days after exposure. They include cough, runny nose, inflamed eyes, sore throat, fever and a red, blotchy skin rash. There's no treatment to get rid of an established measles infection, but over-the-counter fever reducers or vitamin A may help with symptoms. Waxy pearly domeshaped lesion - CORRECT ANSWER-Basal cell carcinoma Actinic keratosis - CORRECT ANSWER-flat scaly rash, precurser to SCC