AANP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE 2023/2024

AANP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS STUDY GUIDE 2023/2024 Multiple infections from bacteria and fungus? - CORRECT ANSWER-Screen for HIV A patient with macular degeneration has deficit vision in? - CORRECT ANSWERCentral vision Central clearing lesion after camping trip flu like symptoms with muscle aches for several days is? and treated by? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lyme disease; doxycycline Diverticulitis: Treatment s/s: - CORRECT ANSWER-Antibiotics and clear liquids and increased fiber (some say no nuts or seeds). (7 to 10 days ABT) Ciprofloxacin (500 mg PO twice daily) plus metronidazole (500 mg PO three times daily). Amoxicillin-clavulanate (875/125 mg twice daily) is an acceptable alternative. The criteria for patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis to be treated in the outpatient setting include: ●Reliability to return for medical reevaluation if condition worsens ●Compliance with outpatient treatment plan ●Abdominal pain is not severe ●No higher than a low-grade fever ●Can tolerate oral intake ●No or minimal comorbid illnesses ●Available support system Approximately six weeks following the resolution of symptoms of acute diverticulitis, patients who have not had a recent colonoscopy should undergo one to exclude other possible diagnoses (such as colonic neoplasia) and to evaluate the extent of the diverticulosis. Recomendations for surgery: Patients in whom elective surgery has been recommended following a single attack of diverticulitis include younger patients (variously defined in the literature as less than 40 or 50 years of age) and those who are immunosuppressed. Diverticulosis: Treatment s/s: - CORRECT ANSWER-Diverticu-lO-sis has nO inflamation: Both diverticulitis and *osis are similar to umbilical hernia in that a vein running through the muscle of the bowel muscle weakens the area and pressure causes a hernia "out pouching". Bacterial vaginosis: s/s and treatment - CORRECT ANSWER-Clue cells such as: stipling of squamous epithelial cells with indistinct borders, no lactobacillus rods, many white blood cells Nonpregnant women Drugs — Metronidazole or clindamycin administered either orally or intravaginally results in a high rate of clinical cure (70 to 80 percent at four weeks of follow-up) (table 4) [88-91]. Oral medication is more convenient, but associated with a higher rate of systemic side effects than vaginal administration. Side effects of metronidazole (oral or vaginal) include a metallic taste, nausea (in 10 percent of patients), transient neutropenia (7.5 percent), a disulfiram-like effect with alcohol, prolongation of International Normalized Ratio in patients taking vitamin K antagonists (eg, warfarin), and peripheral neuropathy. 10 month old child with runny nose, rash, cough, with tiny white papules with red areola in mouth what does this suggest? - CORRECT ANSWER-Measles Trunk like rash: - CORRECT ANSWER-Roseola: measles Other Childlike rashes: Key characteristics: - CORRECT ANSWER-INSERT HERE Erythema toxicum - CORRECT ANSWER-A rash of small yellow or white bumps surrounded by red skin. Can appear anywhere on the body. Disappears on its own in about two weeks. Common in newborns, usually showing up two to five days after birth. Fifth disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Starts with a slight fever, achiness, and cold symptoms, followed a few days later by bright red cheeks and a lacy, red, sometimes itchy rash on the trunk and feet. Also called slapped cheeks disease or erythema infectiosum. Most common in preschool and school-age children. Folliculitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Pimples or pustules form around hair follicles and may crust over. Typically occurs on the neck and in the underarm or groin area. Uncommon before age 2. Hand, foot, and mouth disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Fever, loss of appetite, and a sore throat, followed by painful, blisterlike sores in the mouth. Rash on the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, and sometimes the buttocks. The rash starts as small flat red dots that may turn into bumps or blisters. Most common in preschoolers but can occur at any age. Impetigo - CORRECT ANSWER-Small red bumps that may be itchy. Often develops around the nose and mouth but can easily spread to other parts of the body. Bumps become pus-filled blisters that may burst and develop a soft yellowish-brown crust. Child may have a fever and swollen lymph glands in the neck. Most common in children between 2 and 6 years old. Measles - CORRECT ANSWER-Starts with fever; a runny nose; red, watery eyes; and a cough. Red bumps with tiny white dots appear a few days later on the inside of the cheeks. Next, a rash appears on the face and progresses down the back and trunk to the arms and hands and finally to the legs and feet. The rash starts as flat, red patches but eventually develops bumps and may be itchy. It lasts about five days, then fades to a brownish color, leaving skin dry and flaky. Rare due to vaccinations; most likely to occur in unvaccinated children. Milia - CORRECT ANSWER-Tiny white or yellow pearly bumps on the nose, chin, and cheeks. Common in newborns. They go away without treatment in a few weeks. Molloscum contagiosum - CORRECT ANSWER-Flesh-colored, dome-shaped lesions that can be pearly in appearance and have a dimpled center. May be itchy. Uncommon before the first birthday. Roseola - CORRECT ANSWER-Usually starts with a sudden relatively high fever, often over 103 degrees Fahrenheit, that typically lasts three to five days. A pink rash on torso and neck follows and may spread to the arms, legs, and face. Child may be irritable and may have diarrhea or vomiting. Most common in children between 6 months and 3 years old. Ringworm - CORRECT ANSWER-Rash of one or several red rings, ranging from dimeto quarter-size. Rings are usually crusty or scaly on the outside and smooth in the center and may get larger over time. May also appear as dandruff or bald spots on scalp. Most common in children 2 and older. Rubella (German measles) - CORRECT ANSWER-Pink-red rash that appears first on the face, then spreads over the body and lasts two to three days. Child may have a mild fever, swollen lymph nodes behind the ears, a runny or stuffy nose, a headache, and a sore throat. Rare due to vaccinations; most likely to occur in unvaccinated children. Scabies - CORRECT ANSWER-Severely itchy rash of scattered red bumps, usually between the fingers, around the wrists, in the armpits and diaper area, and around the elbows. May also show up on the kneecaps, palms, soles, scalp, or face. May leave curvy white or thin red lines or little blisters on nearby skin. Itching is most intense after a hot bath or at night and may keep the child awake. May occur at any age. Scarlet fever - CORRECT ANSWER-The rash begins as a mass of tiny red bumps in the armpits, neck, chest, and groin and rapidly spreads over the entire body. The bumps feel like fine sandpaper and may itch. Child may have a fever and a red sore throat. Early in the infection, the tongue may have a white or yellowish coating that later turns red. The bumps on the tongue may appear larger than normal, a condition called strawberry tongue. Tonsils may be swollen and red. As the rash fades, the skin may peel, especially on the hands and feet and in the groin. Uncommon before age 2. Warts - CORRECT ANSWER-A small grainy bump or cluster of bumps, usually on a hand but can occur anywhere on the body. Warts are usually skin-toned but may be lighter or darker in color and can contain black dots. Flat warts, which are smaller and smoother, can also appear anywhere on the body, but in children they most often show up on the face. Plantar warts show up on the soles of the feet. Most warts disappear on their own in a few months to a few years. Uncommon before age 2. What antibiotic is used for corneal abrasion: - CORRECT ANSWER-Gentimicin ophthalmic solution S/s of CHF: - CORRECT ANSWER-s3, edema, dyspnea, JVD, x-ray reveals cardiomegaly, long standing hypertension, systolic murmur, tachycardia INSERT MORE HERE Levothyroxin may worsen? - CORRECT ANSWER-Osteoporosis Testicular torsion s/s? - CORRECT ANSWER-Absent cremaster reflex, testicular pain, difficulty walking, nausea, MORE? Alternate ABT for erythromycin for mycoplasma pneumonia? - CORRECT ANSWERmacrolide such as azithromycin. Alternate ABT for common conditions such as Pneumonia, Atypical pneumonia, MRSA, Impetigo, Bladder infection, Otitis media etc - CORRECT ANSWER-INSERT HERE Side effects and uses of ortho-novum and other antibiotics: - CORRECT ANSWERINSERT HERE: spotting? amenorrhea etc Orthonovum (estrogen based contraception) causes spotting? T/F - CORRECT ANSWER-True What HTN medication can cause acute renal failure and is contraindicated in bilateral renal stenosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-ACE inhibitors. How to monitor? Test renal function. Acute bacterial sinusitis is treated with? - CORRECT ANSWER-amoxicillin S/s of acute bacterial sinusitis versus viral? - CORRECT ANSWER-Insert here. How long before treat? Alternative to amox allergy? Delayed ejaculation is caused by a common medication: - CORRECT ANSWER-PaxilSSRI Uncomplicated chlymydia: may present with? - CORRECT ANSWER-No clinical s/s: Difference between complicated and uncomplicated chlamydia? Treatment for chlamydia? - CORRECT ANSWER-INSERT HERE: azithromycin. Alternative tx? COPD patients may prolong their life by the use of? - CORRECT ANSWER-Oxygen COPD- other points of interest? - CORRECT ANSWER-INSERT HERE Serous in middle ear may remain in Acute otitis media for weeks after the infection: any treatment needed? - CORRECT ANSWER-no. Acute otitis media tx? - CORRECT ANSWER-alternative? INSERT HERE S/s of retinal detachment? - CORRECT ANSWER-Feels like curtian coming over vision, flashes of light OTHERS? TX? S/s of epididimitis? - CORRECT ANSWER-???? Prinse test Varococele? - CORRECT ANSWER-Sack of worms Cancer of testes? - CORRECT ANSWER-nodule on teste OTHERS? S/s of gonorrhea? - CORRECT ANSWER-Treatment? Torsion of testes? - CORRECT ANSWER-S/S Pt with pulmonary embolus suspected. After x ray what is next test? - CORRECT ANSWER-helical CT pulmonary angiogram Symogi effect v dawn phenomenon: - CORRECT ANSWER-Symogi: hypoglycemia causes hyperglycemia Dawn phenomen: increase in insulin due to growth hormones, cortisol etc How to test s1 nerve function? - CORRECT ANSWER-achillies tendon reflex How to test s2 function? S3, s4? etc? - CORRECT ANSWER-?