QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR AANP TEST EXAM 100% SUCCESS 2023/2024

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR AANP TEST EXAM 100% SUCCESS 2023/2024 Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) = hypotonia, simian creases, epicanthial folds, and Brushfield spots. Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18)= low birth weight,small jaw and recessed chin, muscle rigidity, andshort sternum. - Patau syndrome = cleft lip and palate, polydactyly, malformed ears, and absence of the iris. Turner's syndrome = lymphedema of the hands and feet, webbed neck, coarctation of the aorta, and urinary tract abnormalities. - CORRECT ANSWER-Features of: Down trisomy 21 Edward's trisomy 18 Patau syndrome Turner syndrome Only if no improvement after 2-4 of conservative treatment. - CORRECT ANSWERWhen to consider joint aspiration after a meniscal tear? Continue with comprehension stockings and ADD pentoxifylline blood viscosity agent high doses 800 mg TID - CORRECT ANSWER-Venous insufficiency stasis ulcer - what to do when compression stockings not effective? 20 mg as risk of QT prolongation. All other adults 40 mg - CORRECT ANSWER-Maximum daily dose of citalopram for older adults > 60 yo PTSD - irritability, hyper-vigilance, detachment, flashbacks, nightmares, numbing of emotions. Depression - fatigue, hypersomnia, back pain, headache, aggression, sadness. - CORRECT ANSWER-PTSD vs depression signs 1. 4-6 wks 2. 12 wks - CORRECT ANSWER-Azelaic acid as an alternative for isotretinoin for acne - when to expect 1. improvement 2. report failure Pramipexole , ropinirole - CORRECT ANSWER-Dopamine agonists for early Parkinsons Apomorphine - inj rescue tx - CORRECT ANSWER-Dopamine agonist for 'off' hypomobility prkinsons period - CORRECT ANSWER-Burn surface area - rule of 9 Enlarging - grows slowly , but occupies large areas, can = deformity or loss of function, rarely metastatic Rolled borders like pizza crust shape with a central depression-ulceration Ulcerated - heals and ulcerated chronically / Upper lip or above - most often Pearly Papule translucent - can look like , can contain melanin = brown, black or blue colour(Pearls are on the Base of the ocean). Telangiectasias - small dilated vessels on the surface Sun-exposed ares - CORRECT ANSWER-Basal Cell Carcinoma ERUPTS Bleeding - sore that bleeds with no apparent injury Ulcerated - non-healing ulcer Rough - red papule, sand-paper like feel/Actinic keratosis - precancerous rough lesion Non-healing /Non-district borders Sun-exposed Opaque - CORRECT ANSWER-Squamous Cell Carcinoma - BURNS O Asymmetry Border Colour Diameter Evolving Ugly duckling - CORRECT ANSWER-Melanoma - ABCDE U Moxifloxacin Levofloxacin Amox-clav - extended release Streptococcus pneumoniae - CORRECT ANSWER-Choice of ABX for AOM treated month ago / common pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae - CORRECT ANSWER-Most common sinusitis pathogen Antihistamines, Antiemetic and Benzodiazepines vs thiazide diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER-Acute vertigo tx vs preventative tx As soon as one is recovered from anesthesia. Exercise is OK. First 4 weeks avoid - lifting, sitting long time, excessive bending or stretching, should not drive until clearance from a doc - CORRECT ANSWER-When one can walk past a discectomy related to lumbar radiculopathy? tonic-clonic - CORRECT ANSWER-What tipe of seizure: rigid limb contraction, muscle jerking, loss of consciousness, bowel/bladder incontinence, postictal confusion. myoclonic - CORRECT ANSWER-What type of seizure: awake or momentary loss of consciousness, jerking of muscles or trunk, lasts seconds to minutes Simple or focal, jacksonian - CORRECT ANSWER-What type of seizure: awake, abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic behaviour; movements of any parts of the body - localized or generalized. complex partial - CORRECT ANSWER-What type of seizure: aura as unusual sense os smell or taste, visual or auditory hallucinations, or stomach upset followed by vague stare and facial movements, muscle contractions/relaxations, and autonomic signs - can progress to loss of consciousness. width = cover >80% of upper arm and cuff's bladder = 40% of arm's circumference. If deviation from this dimensions = u normally high pressure. - CORRECT ANSWER-BP machine cuff NL measurements Headache, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, N/V - CORRECT ANSWER-Common side effects of H2 RAs like ranitidine Flatulence, muscle cramps from hypomagnesemia. Rebound hyperacidity if discontinued. - CORRECT ANSWER-Common side effects of PPIs No symptoms vs vague abd complaints, iron deficiency anemia due to chronic low volume blood loss. N/V not usual sx for colorectal CA - CORRECT ANSWER-Initial presentation of colorectal CA vs advanced presentation dysphagia - difficulty swallowing odynophagia - painful swallowing GI bleed Unexpected weight loss Persistent chest pain - CORRECT ANSWER-Alarm gerd sx needing referral usually a prostate is considered "firm" and healthy. " boggy" generally refers to a prostate in some stage of infection. Commonly called bacterial prostatitis - CORRECT ANSWER-Boggy prostate represents prerenal (caused by decreased renal perfusion, often because of volume depletion), intrinsic renal (caused by a process within the kidneys), and postrenal (caused by inadequate drainage of urine distal to the kidneys). - CORRECT ANSWER-Causes of acute renal injury - streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci - staphylococcus aureus - CORRECT ANSWER-Impetigo pathogens Topical retinoid. Oral meds are usually for moderate or severe acne. - CORRECT ANSWER-Mild acne benzoyl peroxide not working - what to add? Alpha African Asian Hemogramm - CORRECT ANSWER-Thallassemia Alpha minor Ancestry AAA Betta African Mediterenian Middle eastern - CORRECT ANSWER-Thallassemia Betta minor Ancestry BAMMe Ancestry MCV NL MCHC NL RDW NL - CORRECT ANSWER-ACUTE blood loss and Anemia of chronic Dz Hemogramm MCV ↓ MCHC ↓ RDW ↑ - iron deficiency RDW NL - thallassemia. Except RBC ↑ - compensate with making a lot of small sells - CORRECT ANSWER-Iron deficiency (e.g., errosive gastritis - chronic blood loss, menorrhagia) Hemogramm vs Thallassemia alpha/beta minor MCV ↑ MCHC NL RDW ↑ - pernicious, B12, folate RDW NL - Drug induced - CORRECT ANSWER-Macrocytic (pernicious anemia B12, B12, folate deficiency) vs Drug Induced (carbamaz, valproate, phenytoin, EtOH) Hemogramm 1-2% (young RBCs takes 1-2 days to grow into mature RBCs - CORRECT ANSWERNL reticulocytes %? strep pneumo and legionella - CORRECT ANSWER-common pathogens causing pleurosy friction rub in pneumonia 90% resp virus - cough - may give short course of prednisone 10% atypicals s or m pneumonia or pertussis = give macrolides or tetracycline- doxy - CORRECT ANSWER-acute bronchitis common pathogens secondary - CORRECT ANSWER-Breast self-exam (BSE) and the genital self-exam (GSE) - what type of prevention?