NUR 155: Nutrition with correct answers verified for accuracy

Macronutrients are required in grams Micronutrient are required in mcg or mL Fatty Acids Butter Vegetable Oil Animal Fats Micronutrients vitamins and minerals Fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, & K - can be stored in the body water soluble vitamins B vitamins and vitamin C Microminerals (trace minerals) iron zinc Lab Values: Triglycerides, Male *Trig 40-160 mg/dL Lab Values: Triglycerides, Female *Trig 35-135 mg/dL Lab Values: High-Density Lipoprotein, Male *HDL 45 mg/dL Lab Values: High-Density Lipoprotein, Female *HDL 55 mg/dL Lab Values: Low-Density Lipoprotein, Both Sexes *LDL 130 mg/dL Normal BMI range 18.5-24.9 Women need more iron because: menstruation What effects nutrition Development Sex Ethnicity and culture Beliefs about food Personal Preference Religious practices Lifestyle Economics Meds and therapy Health Alcohol consumption Advertising Psychological Factors School age children need about ___ calories daily. Adolescent age 13-18 years are usually at risk for eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Adolescent age 13-18 years have an increased need for nutrients, calories, calcium. young adults (18-40) need to increase fluid intake to: 2 to 3 liters daily Middle aged women 41-45 year old need ___ to reduce the risk of heart disease? Vitamin A, C, and E Post-menopausal need sufficient ___ to reduce osteoporosis. calcium and vitamin D What do almonds lower? LDL What lab is used to check for malnutrition? Albumin Albumin Lab Value: Both Sexes 3.5-5.0 g/dL Protein total Lab Value: Both Sexes 6.4-8.3 g/dL clear liquid diet is short term usilly lasting _____ hours. 24-36 TPN risk -Infection -Fluid, electrolyte, and glucose imbalances PEJ tube percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube - feeding tube PEG tube percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube - feeding tube Enteral feeding delivers nutrients into the: - GI (stomach, intestines) Parental feeding delivers nutrients into the: -IV (through picc or port) Check residule every ___ hours. 4 - 6 Tube feeding: How often should the tubing, bag, and syringe be changed? Every 24 hours Tube feeding: How long can formula be left in an open system? 8 hours or facility policy or as directed on package. Tube feeding: How long can formula be left in an closed system? Change every 24 hours Stomach pH 1.4-6 Lung pH around 7 TPN must be checked with how many RNs? 2 Caution renal diet pt to avoid food high in: sodium potassium (salt sub) phosphorus fluids Caution cardiac diet pt to avoid food high in: Saturated fat trans fat ex-sodium ex-sugar Cardiac diet can lower chance of heart deise and stroke by ___? 80% What is the most important lab in determining your patient's nutritional status? a. albumin When checking residual, the pH strip reads 4, what do you do? Put in back you are good When checking residual, and the 1. pH strips reads 5.3, what do you do? X-ray to verify placement What is the order of sequence when giving a medication to a patient via GT: 1_____ Sit patient up 30 degrees or higher 2_____ Auscultate bowel sounds 3_____ Aspirate residual 4_____ Check pH of residual 5_____ Return Residual if less than 100 mL 6_____ Flush with 10-30 mL of water 7_____ Give medication 8_____ Flush with 10-30 mL of water 9_____ Document I & O's