MEDCA PHLEBOTOMY EXAM| latest questions and answers | full testbank GRADED A+

MEDCA PHLEBOTOMY EXAM| latest questions and answers | full testbank GRADED A+ Work duties of a phlebotomist technician can be categorized into 4 categories - Equipment Procedure Patient Care Patient Information Equipment - - phlebotomists must ensure that all equipment and areas used are sterile - equipment includes needles, bandages, gauzes, tubes, other collection devices, as well as labels for tubes - tracking supplies to ensure that proper amounts are always present - disposal of needles and other used supplies Procedure - - correct puncture or incision of patient's skin - collecting the correct amount of blood or other fluids - correct labeling of collection tubes/devices - completing and submitting documents needed to lab Patient Care - - reassuring patients, as some may have fear of needles - being able to answer questions that patients may have - verifying patient information to ensure accuracy of tests or procedure - monitoring patient during procedure to prevent movement or fainting Patient Information - - patients' rights must be respected - keeping patients' medical records confidential - accurate documentation of collection, ordered tests, and test results - providing accurate documentation to the laboratory to ensure performance of tests ordered by physician Quality Improvement Methods - Include the use of data-based methods in order to reach improvement Include flow charts and pareto charts Flowchart - - used to break out components into diagrams in order to understand a process Pareto Chart - - bar charts are made that show the frequency of problems What does quality improvement for specimen collection involve? - Technique of Phlebotomist Frequency of hematoma Recollection Rates What is included in quality control records - Expiration Date Stability Information Storage Information Proper Use Precision of testing supplies/reagents Accuracy of testing supplies/reagents Where can phlebotomists work? - Hospital Clinic Doctor's office Laboratories Blood Banks Research Firms Pharmaceutical Firms Hospital - institution which provides medical and surgical treatment Clinic - institution or hospital department focusing on diagnosis and care of outpatients Doctor's Office - suite/office where doctors receive and treat patients Laboratory - building or room where tests are performed to evaluate specimens in order to diagnose medical conditions Blood Bank - institution where blood is collected from donors, and then stored and prepared for transfusion Research Firm - institution equipped for scientific/medical research that may specialize in basic research or on specific areas Pharmaceutical Firm - institution that develops and markets drugs for use as medications How must all needles be discarded? - intact What does it mean if an infection is classified as nosocomical - A patient developed the infection while they were in the hospital that was not present before entering the hospital What is included in the chain of infection - source susceptible host poor isolation technique Hygiene - wash hands with soap and water if they are visibly dirty good hand-hygiene techniques reduce number of outbreaks of infections hand washing is the single most important way to prevent spread of infection Equipment used to control infections - gloves, masks, goggles, gowns, or coats autoclaves (instruments for sterilizing under pressure) Emergency Needle Stick Information - if exposed to blood due to a needle stick or other sharp object, wash needle stick and cut with soap and water flush mouth, eyes, and skin with water report the incident to a supervisor seek medical treatment Blood Pressure - pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels Usually refers to the arterial pressure of systemic circulation When does blood pressure decrease - decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through the arteries Where does blood pressure drop most rapidly - along the small arteries and arterioles Decreases continuously as it moves through capillaries and back through veins to the heart What other factors can influence blood pressure in the body - valves in veins Gravity Pumping from contraction of skeletal muscles How is blood pressure measured - Systolic (maximum) over diastolic (diastolic) Systolic - Blood pressure at the time of contraction Specifically during contraction of the left ventricle Systolic contraction is contraction of the ventricles Heard during the normal first and second heart sound Diastolic - Blood pressure when the heart is in relaxation and expansion Minimum arterial pressure when the ventricles are filling with blood Heard during diastole, when the heart relaxes Pulse/ Heart Rate - rhythmical expansion of arteries due to contractions of the heart Recorded as beats per minute Where can a persons pulse be felt? - any place that will allow an artery to be compressed against a bone Radial Artery Carotid Artery Brachial Artery Popliteal Artery Posterior Tibial Artery Which finger can not be used to measure pulse? - Thumb: it has a pulse of its own Is a lower or higher pulse rate better? - Lower Although, 60 may be dangerous Newborn Pulse - 120 - 160 beats per minute 1 month-12 months Pulse - 80-140 1-2 years pulse - 80-130 2-6 years pulse - 75-120 6-12 years pulse - 75-110 13+ pulse - 60-100 adult athletes pulse - 40-60 What are blood cells called - hemaocytes Serum - fluid portion of blood What cells does blood circulate through - arteries arterioles