PRACTITIONER’S GUIDE TO USING RESEARCH FOR EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE 2ND EDITION By RUBIN - Test Bank

Test Bank Questions for Chapter 3 Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Which of the following statements is true about the term research hierarchy in EBP? a. Tightly controlled experiments reside at the top, regardless of the EBP question. b. Qualitative studies are the most likely to reside at the top for most EBP questions. c. Where a type of study resides on a research hierarchy depends on the type of EBP question being asked. d. All types of research designs are relevant to all types of EBP questions. 2. Which of the following statements is/are true about qualitative studies? a. They are just as likely to employ tightly controlled, inflexible designs as are quantitative studies. b. They tend to employ flexible designs and subjective methods—often with small samples of research participants—in seeking to generate tentative new insights, deep understandings, and theoretically rich observations. c. They are devalued in EBP. d. They are most applicable when we seek to determine whether a particular intervention is really the cause of a particular outcome. e. Both b and c are true. 3. Which of the following is an EBP question? a. What type of play therapy is most effective with traumatized children? b. What client and therapist characteristics best predict the quality of the therapist–client relationship? c. What is it like to sleep in a shelter for the homeless? d. What existing measurement instrument is the most valid for diagnosing whether a client has PTSD? e. All of the above. 4. Which of the following designs offers the best evidence to answer an EBP question about the most effective intervention, program, or policy? a. A qualitative design. b. A tightly controlled experimental design. c. A correlational design. d. All of the above; they are all equally valuable for this type of EBP question. 5. To infer that an intervention is the real cause of a change: a. we must make sure that the change preceded the onset of the intervention. b. it is sufficient to know that the intervention is correlated with the change. c. we must ascertain whether the change is correlated with the intervention, learn that it did not precede the intervention, and eliminate plausible alternative explanations for the change. d. rely on studies that avoided the use of random assignment to treatment conditions. 6. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: a. reside at the top of the evidentiary hierarchy for answering EBP questions about the effectiveness of interventions, programs, or policies. b. reside below randomized experiments because they take replications into account. c. are identical, regardless of what statistics they employ. d are all unbiased and of equal quality e. a, c, and d are all true. 7. Which of the following statements is/are true about the pursuit of logic and objectivity in research? a. Some scholars reject the pursuit of a knowable objective reality. b. Some scholars argue that even though every individual has his or her own subjective take on social reality, it still is worth trying to minimize bias in research. c. Some scholars have depicted the notion that just because perfect objectivity is an unattainable ideal we should therefore not even try to minimize bias in research as fashionable nonsense. d Some scholars have critiqued relativism as logically self-contradictory because if all views of social reality are equally valid, then how can relativists proclaim their view as the most correct one? e. All of the above. True–False Questions 1. No matter the EBP question, a tightly controlled experimental design will reside atop the research hierarchy. 2. EBP questions should be formulated by researchers, not by practitioners. 3. All EBP questions imply making causal inferences. 4. Qualitative studies tend to employ flexible designs and subjective methods. 5. Different research hierarchies are needed for different types of EBP questions. 6. It is possible for qualitative studies to reside at the top of a research hierarchy. 7. When seeking evidence about whether a particular intervention—and not some alternative explanation—is the real cause of a particular outcome, experiments are high in the evidentiary hierarchy. 8. Because of the importance of replication, systematic reviews and meta-analyses reside above experiments on the evidentiary hierarchy for EBP questions about effectiveness. Essay Questions 1. Explain why different types of research hierarchies are needed for different types of EBP questions. 2. Provide examples of four different types of EBP questions, and identify what type of studies would reside at or near the top and bottom of a research hierarchy for each. Explain your reasoning. 3. Describe the relativistic philosophical objection to evidentiary hierarchies that emphasize logic and objectivity, and explain why that objection has been portrayed as fashionable nonsense. Test Bank Questions for Chapter 1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Which of the following statements is/are true about the use of research in practice before the emergence of EBP? a. Nobody believed that research findings should guide practice decisions. b. Some studies concluded that one of the most important factors influencing service effectiveness is the quality of the practitioner–client relationship. c. Everyone believed that practice experience alone was a sufficient basis to guide practice decisions. d. No studies had questioned the effectiveness of psychotherapy or other forms of human service. e. All of the above. 2. Which of the following statements is true about prior research on practitioner effectiveness? a. It can be influenced by the type of intervention employed as well as practitioner–client relationship factors. b. All the credible evidence shows that it is influenced only by the type of intervention employed. c. All the credible evidence shows that it is influenced only by the quality of the practitioner–client relationship. e. None of the above. 3. According to its current and most widely accepted definition, EBP decisions should be based on which of the following components? a. Practitioner judgment. b. Client values and preferences. c. The best available scientific evidence. d. All of the above. 4. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? a. Evidence-based practitioners should adhere to a list of approved interventions. b. Evidence-based practitioners should critically appraise emerging scientific evidence. c. Evidence-based practitioners should integrate the best evidence with their practice expertise and client values and preferences. d. None of the above. (That is, all of the above statements are correct.) e. All of the above. (That is, all of the above statements are incorrect.) 5. EBP decisions about which intervention to provide should be made in light of: a. the most rigorous scientific evidence available. b. the practitioner’s practice expertise. c. client attributes, values preferences, and circumstances. d. All of the above. 6. Which of the following statements is/are true about the EBP process? a. Knowing that the selected intervention has the best scientific evidence from prior studies removes the need to monitor client progress with the selected intervention. b. Once the intervention with the best scientific evidence is chosen, the practitioner should stick with it regardless of his or her observations of client progress. c. If the intervention supported by the best evidence does not appear to be effective with a particular client, the practitioner should consider replacing it with an alternative intervention even if it has less scientific support from earlier studies. d. Both a and b are true. 7. Which of the following statements is true about EBP decisions? a. They are limited to questions about the effectiveness of specific interventions. b. They might pertain to evidence about client needs. c. They might pertain to what measures to use in assessment and diagnosis. d. Both b and c are true. 8. An EBP outlook involves: a. conforming to what esteemed practitioners advise about practice and how to intervene. b. disrespecting the practice wisdom of more experienced practitioner authorities. c. being vigilant in trying to recognize the unfounded beliefs and assumptions in the testimonials from esteemed practitioner authorities. d. None of the above. 9. Which of the following statements is/are true about searching for, finding, or using the best scientific evidence to guide practice decisions? a. It can be time consuming. b. The best evidence may not easily guide your practice decisions. c. Sometimes equally strong studies reach conflicting conclusions. d. All of the above. 10. If you can’t find highly rigorous evidence supporting the effectiveness of an intervention with clients just like yours, you should; a. look for less rigorous evaluations that have involved clients like yours and which—while not offering the “best” evidence from a scientific standpoint—are not fatally flawed and thus offer some credible evidence supporting a particular intervention. b. use your practice judgment in deciding whether an intervention supported by the best evidence with clients unlike yours seems to be worth proposing to your client. c. Both a and b are correct. d. Neither a nor b is correct. 11. Which of the following is an EBP question? a. What type of play therapy is most effective with traumatized children? b. What client and therapist characteristics best predict the quality of the therapist–client relationship? c. What is it like to sleep in a shelter for the homeless? d. What existing measurement instrument is the most valid for diagnosing whether a client has PTSD? e. All of the above. 12. When considering using an assessment instrument, the practitioner should ask whether it is: a. reliable. b. valid. c. sensitive. d. feasible. e. All of the above. True–False Questions 1. The main ideas underlying EBP are really quite old. 2. Many studies lack credibility due to fatal flaws in their research designs and methods. 3. Some studies have found that practitioner effectiveness is influenced by the type of intervention employed as well as relationship factors. 4. EBP is primarily a cost-cutting tool used by third-party payers that involves a rigid decision-tree approach to making intervention choices irrespective of clinical judgment. 5. EBP is primarily a static list of interventions that have a “seal of approval” and thus should be provided by practitioners regardless of what practitioners know about client idiosyncrasies. 6. Almost all past reviews of research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy have agreed that it is overall very effective. 7. Although following the EBP process makes a practitioner more scientific, it risks making them less ethical. 8. Worrying about scientific evidence makes practitioners less compassionate. 9. Engaging in the EBP process requires rejecting the dodo bird argument. 10. EBP questions might ask about costs or harmful effects of an intervention, program, or policy. Essay Questions 1. Contrast EBP with authority-based practice. 2. Explain why EBP is not a mechanistic, cookbook process. 3. Explain why engaging in EBP makes one a more ethical and compassionate practitioner. 4. Describe what a practitioner should do when he or she cannot find the best evidence supporting the effectiveness of an intervention for a particular client. 5. Describe the criteria you would use in selecting an assessment instrument. practitioner’s guide to using research - test bank, practitioner's guide to using research for evidence-based practice, practitioner's guide to investment banking, practitioner's guide to investment banking pdf, a practitioner's guide to ethical decision making, a practical guide to a/b testing pdf,