Nutrition Through the Lifecycle Final Exam | 176 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Activity Thermogenesis - Energy expended through physical activity and nonexercise activity such as fidgeting Antherogenic Diet - A pattern of eating and food choices that promotes deposits of plaque in arterial walls and contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis - A disease of the arterial blood vessels (arteries) in which the walls of the blood vessels become thickened and hardened by cholesterol-containing plaque. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - Amount of energy required for cellular metabolic processes and function of organs. It is measured in an individual who has been awake less than 30 minutes and is still at absolute rest, has fasted for 10 hours or more, and is in a quiet room with normal, comfortable temperature. Carcinogenesis - The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. It includes activation, initiation, promotion, progression, and invasion and metastasis. Dietary constituents can modify the process at several points along the continuum. Carcinogenic Diet - A pattern of eating and food choices that increases the risk of some cancers. Cardio-Protective Diet - A diet that emphasizes plant foods (vegetables, fruits, grains, especially whole grains, and legumes), appropriate fats, and fish, along with smaller amounts of lean meat and dairy. Chronic Diseases - Slow-developing, long-lasting diseases that are not contagious (e.g., heart disease, cancer, diabetes). Climacteric Change - Point in life where crucial changes occur; refers to the loss of reproductive activity, marked by menopause in women and reduction in testosterone production in men.Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - Programs designed to build knowledge, modify beliefs and attitudes, and integrate new behaviors through a combination of skills training and analysis of behavior and thought processes over a period of several weeks. Key features are cognitive restructuring and stimulus control