Nutrition through the Lifecycle Exam 1 | 171 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

The inability to conceive a child after one year of unprotected sex. - Define infertility 25-30 - There is a ____ to ____ percent chance of couples getting pregnant in a given meunstral cycle. follicular; luteal - The first half of the menstrual cycle is called the _____ phase and the second half of the cycle is called the _____ phase. estrogen; gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); pituitary; follicle-stimulating hormone (FHS) and luteinizing hormone (LH). - At the beginning of the follicular phase, ______ stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete _______, which causes the _______ gland to release _______ and _______. ova - Eggs of the female produced and stored within the ovaries. progesterone; estrogen; inhibit - The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of ________ and some ________. These hormones _____ the production of GnRH. Decreased - _________ levels of progesterone and estrogen cause blood vessels in the uterine wall to contract, allowing blood flow. endometrium - Inner lining of the uterus; site of implantation of blastocyst -adverse nutrition exposure -drugs that are used to treat heart disease and cancer - toxins -genetic issues -aging -severe stress-hormonal imbalances - List some major factors affecting fertility If a women is underweight, the reproductive system shuts down and she is not able to have a period until calories are replaced in the diet (hypothalmus amenorrhea) - Why does calorie deprivation decreases chances of fertility in women? Fat produces estrogen which in turn produces hormones necessary for maturation of the egg. Also, low fat stores usually means fewer calories. - Why does low fat stores decrease chances of fertility in women High levels of fat and fat that is centralized in the abdominal area decrease fertility by producing hormonal imbalances. - Why do high fat stores and central obestity decrease chances of fertility in both females? When body weight falls below 25 percent of normal, then sperm are not longer produced. - Why does calorie deprivation decrease chances of fertility in males? -poor iron status -vegan diet -high caffeine and alchol - List some dietary factors that may or may not affect the fertility of women -zinc- affects testosterone production -antioxidants such as vitamin C and E protect the sperm's polyunsaturated fatty acids which are susceptible to oxidation - too much physical activity increases heat in the testes which damages sperm - List some dietary factors that affect fertility in men Behavior, environment, genetic, and biological factors. - What are the major factors involved in reproduction? atresia - The disinagration of s luteus; decrease - If an egg is not fertilized the _________ disinagrates and hormone levels ________