BRS Gross Anatomy-Chapter 3 Exam

A 32-year-old patient who weighs 275 lb comes to the doctor's office. On the surface of the chest, the physician is able to locate the apex of the heart: (A) At the level of the sternal angle (B) In the left fourth intercostal space (C) In the left fifth intercostal space (D) In the right fifth intercostal space (E) At the level of the xiphoid process of the sternum - ANSWER-The answer is C. On the surface of the chest, the apex of the heart can be located in the left fifth intercostal space slightly medial to the midclavicular (or nipple) line. The sternal angle is located at the level where the second ribs articulate with the sternum. The xiphoid process lies at the level of T10 vertebra. A 43-year-old female patient has been lying down on the hospital bed for more than 4 months. Her normal, quiet expiration is achieved by contraction of which of the following structures? (A) Elastic tissue in the lungs and thoracic wall (B) Serratus posterior superior muscles (C) Pectoralis minor muscles (D) Serratus anterior muscles (E) Diaphragm - ANSWER-The answer is A. Normal, quiet expiration is achieved by contraction of extensible tissue in the lungs and the thoracic wall. The serratus posterior superior muscles, diaphragm, pectoralis major, and serratus anterior are muscles of inspiration. A 23-year-old man received a gunshot wound, and his greater splanchnic nerve was destroyed. Which of the following nerve fibers would be injured? (A) General somatic afferent (GSA) and preganglionic sympathetic fibers (B) General visceral afferent (GVA) and postganglionic sympathetic fibers (C) GVA and preganglionic sympathetic fibers (D) General somatic efferent (GSE) and postganglionic sympathetic fibers (E) GVA and GSE fibers - ANSWER-The answer is C. The greater splanchnic nerves contain general visceral afferent (GVA) and preganglionic sympathetic general visceral efferent (GVE) fibers. A 17-year-old boy was involved in a gang fight, and a stab wound severed the white rami communicantes at the level of his sixth thoracic vertebra. This injury would result in degeneration of nerve cell bodies in which of the following structures? (A) Dorsal root ganglion and anterior horn of the spinal cord (B) Sympathetic chain ganglion and dorsal root ganglion (C) Sympathetic chain ganglion and posterior horn of the spinal cord (D) Dorsal root ganglion and lateral horn of the spinal cord (E) Anterior and lateral horns of the spinal cord - ANSWER-The answer is D. The white rami communicantes contain preganglionic sympathetic GVE fibers and GVA fibers, whose cell bodies are located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord and the dorsal root ganglia. The sympathetic chain ganglion contains cell bodies of the postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers. The anterior horn of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of the GSE fibers. The dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of GSA and GVA fibers. 5. A 27-year-old cardiac patient with an irregular heartbeat visits her doctor's office for examination. Where should the physician place the stethoscope to listen to the sound of the mitral valve? (A) Over the medial end of the second left intercostal space (B) Over