Anatomy and Physiology Exam I Questions & Answers Solved 100%

The difference between anatomy and physiology - Answer The difference between anatomy and physiology is that anatomy is the study of the human structure and physiology is the study of how it functions. 1. What is the correct order for the level of structural organization in the body, from the simplest to the most complex? - Answer 1. Chemical level2. Cellular level3. Tissue level4. Organ level5. Organ system level6. Organismal level What are the 8 requirements for life and the 5 survival needs? - Answer SURVIVAL NEEDS: nutrients, oxygen, water, stable body temperature, and atmospheric pressure. REQUIRMENTS FOR LIFE: boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excresion, reproduction, and growth What is homeostasis and what 2 body systems are most crucial for homeostasis? - Answer Homeostasis is your body'sability to regulate and maintaina stable condition inside your body, regardless of changes to the external environment. To maintain homeostasis your body uses two very important body systems to sense and respond to change: the nervous and endocrine systems. They have a big job due to the huge number of changes and threats your body encounters. Anatomical position - Answer The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward Know the meaning of and examples for these directional terms: superior/inferior; anterior (ventral)/posterior (dorsal); medial/lateral/intermediate; proximal/distal - Answer SUPERIOR is above and INFERIOR is below, ANTERIOR is in front of and POSTERIOR is behind, MEDIAL is midline at the body, LATERAL means away from the midline, INTERMEDIATE means between, PROXIMAL means closer to the origin of the body, DISTAL means father from the origin of the body. Know these common planes along which the body or its organs may be cut: sagittal, front, and transverse, and describe the two body parts that result from each cut. - Answer SAGITTAL means the body is cut into right and left parts, FRONT means they are divided from anterior and posterior, and TRANSVERSE means superior and inferior cuts. Explain the following structures: serous membrane, serous fluid, visceral serosa, parietal serosa - Answer SEROUS MEMBRANE within the ventral body cavity are two layer membrane that cover the inner walls of the ventral cavity & and the outer surface of the organ. SEROUS FLUID allows organs to slide without friction along cavity walls and each other. VISCERAL SEROSA covers the outer surface of organs. PARIETAL SEROSA lines the body cavity and fold in on itself to form VISCERAL SEROSA. Describe the structure and function of enzymes, and include a description of specificity, active sites, and activation energy. What are the three basic steps involved in enzyme action? - Answer What is the difference between matter and energy? - Answer Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Energy is the capacity to do work, or to put matter into motion. What forms of energy are involved in body functioning, and which is considered the most important? - Answer chemical, mechanical, electrical and radiant. most important is electrical As energy converts from one form to another, some of it transforms into what unusable form? - Answer Heat Describe the nature of heavy isotopes and how they are useful in medical diagnosis and treatment. - Answer RADIOISOTOPES are heavier, unstable isotopes of an element that spontaneously decompose into more stable forms, producing radioactivity. Heavy isotopes help in destroying targeted cells. Describe the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions. - Answer catabolic reactions break down molecules and release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds. Anabolic reactions build larger molecules from smaller ones, they consume energy to do this. Why are oxidation - reductions a special type of exchange reaction? - Answer Also known as redox reaction. A special kind of exchange reaction where ELECTRONS are exchanged instead of atoms. The reactant that loses an electron is called oxidized. Reactant that gains an electron is called reduced. How can chemical bonds be described, and how can energy flow (absorbed/liberated) in chemical reactions be described? - Answer chemical BOND is an energy relationship between the electrons of the reacting atoms. In endergonic reactions can absorb energy and exergonic can release energy What needs to happen with particles for a chemical reaction to happen, and what factors influence the rate of chemical reaction? - Answer Enzyme Describe the difference between inorganic and organic compounds. Which are needed for living things? - Answer Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen, tend to be larger, have covalent bonds, and are non-electrolytes. Inorganic molecules consist of any substance that can't be classified as organic. Organic is needed for living things What are salts, ions, and electrolytes? - Answer SALTS are ionic compounds containing cations other than H+ and anions other than the hydroxyl (OH-) ion that dissociate in water into their component ions when dissolved. IONS an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons. ELECTROLYTES a liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis, e.g., that present in a battery.