2023 PN CARDIAC NCLEX WITH 100% CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

2023 PN CARDIAC NCLEX WITH 100% CORRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS The classic lubb dupp sounds are the normal heart sounds in a healthy adult. These are the first and second heart sounds, designated S1 and S2. S1 represents the closing of the tricuspid and mitral valves between the atria and the ventricles. -Beta-Blockers mask hypoglycemia. So, I'm trying to connect that to blood pressure, how is the correlated?  Beta-blockers (such as atenolol, or propanolol overdose)  Cibenzoline and quinidine (heart arrhythmia drugs)  Indomethacin (a pain reliever)  Insulin.  Metformin when used with sulfonylureas. Beta-blockers are the other major class of blood-pressure-lowering drugs that have been implicated in causing diabetes or worsening diabetes control. But beta-blockers also block the release of insulin by interacting with nerve signals to the pancreas and can thus lower insulin levels even when blood glucose is high. P680 Baroreceptors SNS inhibition results in decreased HR, Deep Vein Thrombosis: A condition in which the blood clots form in veins located deep inside the body, usually in the thigh or lower legs. This can cause pain and swelling in the area.  Anything that prevents your blood from flowing or clotting normally can cause a blood clot. The main causes of DVT are damage to a vein from surgery or trauma and inflammation due to infection or injury. Risk Factors:  Age. Being older than 60 increases your risk of DVT, though it can occur at any age.  Sitting for long periods of time, such as when driving or flying. When your legs remain still for hours, your calf muscles don't contract. Muscle contractions normally help blood circulate.  Prolonged bed rest, such as during a long hospital stay, or paralysis. Blood clots can form in the calves of your legs if your calf muscles don't move for long periods.  Injury or surgery. Injury to your veins or surgery can increase the risk of blood clots.  Pregnancy. Pregnancy increases the pressure in the veins in your pelvis and legs. Women with an inherited clotting disorder are especially at risk. The risk of blood clots from pregnancy can continue for up to six weeks after you have your baby.  Birth control pills (oral contraceptives) or hormone replacement therapy. Both can increase your blood's ability to clot.  Being overweight or obese. Being overweight increases the pressure in the veins in your pelvis and legs.  Smoking. Smoking affects blood clotting and circulation, which can increase your risk of DVT.  Cancer. Some forms of cancer increase substances in your blood that cause your blood to clot. Some forms of cancer treatment also increase the risk of blood clots.  Heart failure. This increases your risk of DVT and pulmonary embolism. Because people with heart failure have limited heart and lung function, the symptoms caused by even a small pulmonary embolism are more noticeable.  Inflammatory bowel disease. Bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, increase the risk of DVT.  A personal or family history of DVT or PE. If you or someone in your family has had one or both of these, you might be at greater risk of developing DVT.  Genetics. Some people inherit genetic risk factors or disorders, such as factor V Leiden, that make their blood clot more easily. An inherited disorder on its own might not cause blood clots unless combined with one or more other risk factors. Signs and symptoms:  Swelling in the affected leg. Rarely, there's swelling in both legs.  Pain in your leg. The pain often starts in your calf and can feel like cramping or soreness.  Red or discolored skin on the leg.  A feeling of warmth in the affected leg. Complication: Pulmonary Embolism:  Sudden shortness of breath