Cardiovascular -- Barron's CCRN Questions and Answers Graded A+

Cardiovascular -- Barron's CCRN Questions and Answers Graded A+ S3 occurs where and when? heard best at the apex of the heart right after S2 what is S3 associated with? Heart failure, Pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, and mitral/aortic/tricuspid insufficiency what is S3? rapid rush of blood into a dilated ventricle what is S4? atrial constriction of blood into a non-compliant ventricle Where and when does S4 occur? Best heard over the apex with the bell right before S1 what is s4 associated with? myocardial ischemia, infarction, hypertension, ventricular hypertrophy, aortic stenosis Pericardial friction rub is associated with what? Pain during deep inspiration and positional pain Pulse pressure equation systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure normal pulse pressure values 40-60 systolic BP represents what? Cardiac output and stroke volume what does a decrease in systolic pressure mean if diastolic doesn't change? This = narrowing pulse pressure. Seen often with severe hypovolemia or a severe drop in Cardiac output. diastolic BP represents what? Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) what does a decrease in diastolic BP mean? this = widening pulse pressure. May indicate vasodilation, severe sepsis, septic shock. time ratio for systolic vs. diastolic 1.0/1.33 what is perfused during diastole? Coronary arteries causes of valvular heart disease - coronary heart disease - dilated cardiomyopathy - Degeneration - Bicuspid aortic valve - Rheumatic fever - Infection - Connective