, Organic molecules contain carbon
1 monosaccharide 2=di 3
carbohydrate
= +
poly
=
monosaccharides a re
joined by condensation reac tions .
Polysaccharides a re broken down
by hydrolysis
monosaccharides 8 disaccharides 8
* *
glucose maltose =
glucose +
glucose
*
fructose CGHI206 isomers .
* lac tose =
glucose +
galactose 921-1220 ,, isomers .
*
galactose * s u cros e =
glucose
+ fructose
carbohydrate means made up of carbon , hydrogen and oxygen .
monosaccharides are soluble
hÑe the ability to form H bonds with water
disaccharides aren't soluble and cannot be absorbed .
monosaccharides form glycosidic bonds .
Alpha Glucose : Condensation Reaction for alpha glucose
8
C 1-1201-1
H C ① H CHIH CHIH
H C O H H C O H
"
"
C
t) [ c [
OH H OH 1-1
[ [ HO C C OH HO C C OH
OH
OH
H
1-1 1-120
H OH
1-1 0 C C 0/-1
"KOH
a-KOH
H C 0 H H C 0 H
" H
H OH C c , c
OH H OH
+1
HO C C 0 C C OH
1-1 OH 1-1 01-1
Polysaccharides .
Type Amylose Amylopectin Cellulose Glycogen
Glycosidic bond ✗ 1 :
4 ✗ 1 4
:
and ✗ I :b Bl :
4 ✗ 1 :4 and ✗ I :b
long unbranched chair
coined into a helix
overall shape branched chairs long straight ,
chairs very branched chains
hydrogen bonds within within between within -
Solubility (water) insoluble Insoluble Insoluble insoluble
-
Formed From alpha glucose alpha glucose beta glucose alpha glucose
Function storage in plant cells .
Storage in plant cells . struc tural a i d in plant cells .
storage in animal liver and
hydrolysis produces glucose hydrolysis produces glucose used to form cell walls muscle cells
Hydrolysis produces glucose .
How structure compact so a lot can be stored branched with Mary ends so l o ts of cellulose has high tensile strength highly branched so
many ends
relates to function in a s m all space .
glucose can b e released .
so prevents lysis .
means lots of glucose released .
Insoluble so no osmotic effect Insoluble so no osmotic effect Insoluble so no osmotic effect Insoluble so no osmotic effect
on water potential of cell .
on water potential of cell .
on water potential of cell .
on water potential of cell .
1 monosaccharide 2=di 3
carbohydrate
= +
poly
=
monosaccharides a re
joined by condensation reac tions .
Polysaccharides a re broken down
by hydrolysis
monosaccharides 8 disaccharides 8
* *
glucose maltose =
glucose +
glucose
*
fructose CGHI206 isomers .
* lac tose =
glucose +
galactose 921-1220 ,, isomers .
*
galactose * s u cros e =
glucose
+ fructose
carbohydrate means made up of carbon , hydrogen and oxygen .
monosaccharides are soluble
hÑe the ability to form H bonds with water
disaccharides aren't soluble and cannot be absorbed .
monosaccharides form glycosidic bonds .
Alpha Glucose : Condensation Reaction for alpha glucose
8
C 1-1201-1
H C ① H CHIH CHIH
H C O H H C O H
"
"
C
t) [ c [
OH H OH 1-1
[ [ HO C C OH HO C C OH
OH
OH
H
1-1 1-120
H OH
1-1 0 C C 0/-1
"KOH
a-KOH
H C 0 H H C 0 H
" H
H OH C c , c
OH H OH
+1
HO C C 0 C C OH
1-1 OH 1-1 01-1
Polysaccharides .
Type Amylose Amylopectin Cellulose Glycogen
Glycosidic bond ✗ 1 :
4 ✗ 1 4
:
and ✗ I :b Bl :
4 ✗ 1 :4 and ✗ I :b
long unbranched chair
coined into a helix
overall shape branched chairs long straight ,
chairs very branched chains
hydrogen bonds within within between within -
Solubility (water) insoluble Insoluble Insoluble insoluble
-
Formed From alpha glucose alpha glucose beta glucose alpha glucose
Function storage in plant cells .
Storage in plant cells . struc tural a i d in plant cells .
storage in animal liver and
hydrolysis produces glucose hydrolysis produces glucose used to form cell walls muscle cells
Hydrolysis produces glucose .
How structure compact so a lot can be stored branched with Mary ends so l o ts of cellulose has high tensile strength highly branched so
many ends
relates to function in a s m all space .
glucose can b e released .
so prevents lysis .
means lots of glucose released .
Insoluble so no osmotic effect Insoluble so no osmotic effect Insoluble so no osmotic effect Insoluble so no osmotic effect
on water potential of cell .
on water potential of cell .
on water potential of cell .
on water potential of cell .
